fix: Stop suppressing exception chains in AI integrations

[alexander-alderman-webb]

Description

In except: block of patches which intercept user exceptions:

1. Store the original user exceptions.
2. Run our SDK logic while suppressing exceptions to avoid losing the user's exception.
3. Raise the user's exception.

Adds a script to find all raise ... from None occurrences in the sentry_sdk/ folder. Enforce that no new occurrences are added by running the script as part of our linting environment.

Issues

Closes #5188

Reminders

• Please add tests to validate your changes, and lint your code using tox -e linters.
• Add GH Issue ID & Linear ID (if applicable)
• PR title should use conventional commit style (feat:, fix:, ref:, meta:)
• For external contributors: CONTRIBUTING.md, Sentry SDK development docs, Discord community

[github-actions]

Semver Impact of This PR

🟢 Patch (bug fixes)

📋 Changelog Preview

This is how your changes will appear in the changelog.
Entries from this PR are highlighted with a left border (blockquote style).

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New Features ✨

• feat(asyncio): Add on-demand way to enable AsyncioIntegration by sentrivana in #5288

Bug Fixes 🐛

• fix(ai): redact message parts content of type blob by constantinius in #5243
• fix(clickhouse): Guard against module shadowing by alexander-alderman-webb in #5250
• fix(gql): Revert signature change of patched gql.Client.execute by alexander-alderman-webb in #5289
• fix(grpc): Derive interception state from channel fields by alexander-alderman-webb in #5302
• fix(litellm): Guard against module shadowing by alexander-alderman-webb in #5249
• fix(pure-eval): Guard against module shadowing by alexander-alderman-webb in #5252
• fix(ray): Guard against module shadowing by alexander-alderman-webb in #5254
• fix(threading): Handle channels shadowing by sentrivana in #5299
• fix(typer): Guard against module shadowing by alexander-alderman-webb in #5253

• fix: Stop suppressing exception chains in AI integrations by alexander-alderman-webb in #5309

Documentation 📚

• docs(metrics): Remove experimental notice by alexander-alderman-webb in #5304
• docs: Update Python versions banner in README by sentrivana in #5287

Internal Changes 🔧

Release

• ci(release): Bump Craft version to fix issues by BYK in #5305
• ci(release): Switch from action-prepare-release to Craft by BYK in #5290

Other

• chore(gen_ai): add auto-enablement for google genai by shellmayr in #5295
• ci: Update tox and handle generic classifiers by sentrivana in #5306

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[sentrivana]

Nice! Good idea with running in CI, too.