[WIP] chore(deps): validate DataFusion 52 compatibility

[ethan-tyler]

Which issue does this PR close?

Validation for DataFusion 52 release (apache/datafusion#18566). No iceberg-rust issue.

What changes are included in this PR?

• Update DataFusion from 51.0 to 52.0 (branch-52 release branch)
• Update Arrow/Parquet from 57.0 to 57.1
• Python bindings: Update FFI_TableProvider::new call for DataFusion 52 API changes

Breaking API Change in DataFusion FFI

DataFusion 52 changed FFI_TableProvider::new to require two additional arguments:

// Old (3 args) - DataFusion 51
FFI_TableProvider::new(provider, false, Some(runtime()))

// New (5 args) - DataFusion 52
FFI_TableProvider::new(provider, false, Some(runtime()), task_ctx_provider, None)

The new arguments:

• task_ctx_provider: Provides task execution context for filter expression serialization across FFI boundary
• logical_codec: Optional codec for serializing logical expressions (None uses default)

Known Limitations

Python DataFusion Table Provider Tests Skipped

The test_datafusion_table_provider.py tests are skipped in this PR due to an FFI version mismatch:

Component	Version
Rust datafusion-ffi	52 (branch-52)
Python datafusion (PyPI)	50.x

The DataFusion FFI ABI is not stable across major versions. The Python bindings for DataFusion 52 are not yet released on PyPI. These tests will be re-enabled when:

1. DataFusion 52 Python bindings are released, AND
2. pyproject.toml is updated to use datafusion==52.*

Are these changes tested?

Locally verified:

• iceberg-datafusion: 58 tests pass
• Python bindings: clippy passes

CI will run the full test suite.

[ethan-tyler]

The audit failure (RUSTSEC-2026-0001 for rkyv) is unrelated to this PR - it's being addressed in #1994. Will rebase once that lands.

[ethan-tyler]

Fix for Python Bindings CI Failure

The initial PR failed the Bindings Python CI workflow due to a breaking API change in DataFusion 51+'s FFI module.

Root cause: FFI_TableProvider::new signature changed from 3 to 5 arguments.

Fix (commit 33d5608):

• Added datafusion and datafusion-execution dependencies to bindings/python/Cargo.toml
• Updated datafusion_table_provider.rs to create a TaskContextProvider from SessionContext and pass it to FFI_TableProvider::new

The core iceberg-rust crates were already compatible with DataFusion 52 - only the Python bindings needed this update.

[timsaucer]

Please let me know if you run into difficulties with this PR also regarding the FFI change. I think that my approach in apache/datafusion-python#1337 will help resolve the missing elements here.