Consolidating InMemoryCatalog and SqlCatalog tests

[nssalian]

Closes #2870

Rationale for this change

Eliminates code duplication between test_base.py and test_sql.py by consolidating shared catalog behavior tests into a single parameterized test suite. This ensures consistent behavior testing across both catalog implementations and makes it easier to add new catalog implementations with shared test coverage.

Changes

• New tests/catalog/test_catalog_behaviors.py with parameterized tests covering both catalogs
• Added catalog fixtures to tests/conftest.py
• Reduced test_base.py to InMemoryCatalog-specific tests
• Reduced test_sql.py to SqlCatalog-specific tests
• Fixed return type annotation for test_partition_spec fixture in tests/conftest.py
• Removed an import from tests/table/test_upsert.py

Are these changes tested?

make test ran successfully locally

Are there any user-facing changes?

No