diff --git a/Koin/Apps/SceneDelegate.swift b/Koin/Apps/SceneDelegate.swift
index 3620966c6..2fda49895 100644
--- a/Koin/Apps/SceneDelegate.swift
+++ b/Koin/Apps/SceneDelegate.swift
@@ -10,7 +10,16 @@ import UIKit
 class SceneDelegate: UIResponder, UIWindowSceneDelegate {
     
     var window: UIWindow?
-    var urlParameters: [String: String]?
+    private var isPresentingErrorViewController = false
+    
+    override init() {
+        super.init()
+        NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(self, selector: #selector(presentErrorViewController), name: NSNotification.Name("ServerError"), object: nil)
+    }
+    
+    deinit {
+        NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(self)
+    }
     
     func scene(_ scene: UIScene,
                willConnectTo session: UISceneSession,
@@ -115,5 +124,33 @@ extension SceneDelegate {
         return viewController
     }
     
-    
+    @objc private func presentErrorViewController() {
+        
+        guard isPresentingErrorViewController == false else {
+            return
+        }
+        isPresentingErrorViewController = true
+        
+        if let navigationController = window?.rootViewController as? UINavigationController {
+            
+            let homeViewController = makeHomeViewController()
+            let completion: ()->Void = { [weak self] in
+                navigationController.setViewControllers([homeViewController], animated: false)
+                navigationController.dismiss(animated: true) {
+                    self?.isPresentingErrorViewController = false
+                }
+            }
+            let errorViewController = ErrorViewController(completion: completion).then {
+                $0.modalPresentationStyle = .fullScreen
+            }
+            
+            if let _ = navigationController.presentedViewController {
+                navigationController.dismiss(animated: true) {
+                    navigationController.present(errorViewController, animated: true)
+                }
+            } else {
+                navigationController.present(errorViewController, animated: true)
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Core/Workers/KeychainWorker.swift b/Koin/Core/Workers/KeychainWorker.swift
index 77fdb1698..940e196f8 100644
--- a/Koin/Core/Workers/KeychainWorker.swift
+++ b/Koin/Core/Workers/KeychainWorker.swift
@@ -19,58 +19,89 @@ final class KeychainWorker {
     }
     static let shared = KeychainWorker()
     
-    private init() { }
+    private init() {}
+    private var keychains: [TokenType: String?] = [:]
+    private let lock = NSLock()
     
     func create(key: TokenType, token: String) {
+        lock.lock()
+        defer {
+            lock.unlock()
+        }
+        
         let query: NSDictionary = [
             kSecClass: kSecClassGenericPassword,
             kSecAttrAccount: keyType(key: key),
             kSecValueData: token.data(using: .utf8, allowLossyConversion: false) as Any
         ]
         SecItemDelete(query)
+        keychains.removeValue(forKey: key)
         
         let status = SecItemAdd(query, nil)
-        if status != errSecSuccess {
-            print("Failed to save token, status code: \(status)")
+        if status == errSecSuccess {
+            keychains.updateValue(token, forKey: key)
+        } else {
+            print("Failed to save \(key) token,", SecCopyErrorMessageString(status, nil) ?? "")
         }
     }
     
     func read(key: TokenType) -> String? {
+        lock.lock()
+        defer {
+            lock.unlock()
+        }
+        
+        if let token: String? = keychains[key] {
+            return token
+        }
+        
         let query: NSDictionary = [
             kSecClass: kSecClassGenericPassword,
             kSecAttrAccount: keyType(key: key),
             kSecReturnData: kCFBooleanTrue as Any,
             kSecMatchLimit: kSecMatchLimitOne
         ]
-        
         var dataTypeRef: AnyObject?
         let status = SecItemCopyMatching(query, &dataTypeRef)
         
-        if status == errSecSuccess {
-            if let retrievedData: Data = dataTypeRef as? Data {
-                let value = String(data: retrievedData, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
-                return value
-            } else { return nil }
+        if status == errSecSuccess,
+           let retrievedData: Data = dataTypeRef as? Data,
+           let value = String(data: retrievedData, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8) {
+            keychains.updateValue(value, forKey: key)
+            return value
+        } else if status == errSecItemNotFound {
+            keychains.updateValue(nil, forKey: key)
+            return nil
         } else {
-            print("failed to loading, status code = \(status)")
+            print("Failed to load \(key) token,", SecCopyErrorMessageString(status, nil) ?? "")
             return nil
         }
     }
     
     func delete(key: TokenType) {
+        lock.lock()
+        defer {
+            lock.unlock()
+        }
+        
+        keychains.removeValue(forKey: key)
+        
         let query: NSDictionary = [
             kSecClass: kSecClassGenericPassword,
             kSecAttrAccount: keyType(key: key)
         ]
         let status = SecItemDelete(query)
-          if status == errSecSuccess {
-              print("Item successfully deleted")
-          } else if status == errSecItemNotFound {
-              print("Item not found")
-          } else {
-              print("Error deleting the item, status code: \(status)")
-          }
+        if status == errSecSuccess {
+            return
+        } else if status == errSecItemNotFound {
+            print("\(key) token not found")
+        } else {
+            print("Error deleting \(key) token", SecCopyErrorMessageString(status, nil) ?? "")
+        }
     }
+}
+
+extension KeychainWorker {
     
     private func keyType(key: TokenType) -> String {
         let keyType: String
@@ -85,5 +116,4 @@ final class KeychainWorker {
         }
         return keyType
     }
-    
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Data/DTOs/Decodable/ErrorResponse.swift b/Koin/Data/DTOs/Decodable/ErrorResponse.swift
deleted file mode 100644
index 6138534cf..000000000
--- a/Koin/Data/DTOs/Decodable/ErrorResponse.swift
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-//
-//  ErrorResponse.swift
-//  koin
-//
-//  Created by 김나훈 on 3/18/24.
-//
-
-import Foundation
-
-struct ErrorResponse: Decodable, Error {
-    let code: String
-    let message: String
-}
diff --git a/Koin/Data/DTOs/Decodable/ErrorResponseDto.swift b/Koin/Data/DTOs/Decodable/ErrorResponseDto.swift
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fcf781aee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Koin/Data/DTOs/Decodable/ErrorResponseDto.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//
+//  ErrorResponseDto.swift
+//  koin
+//
+//  Created by 김나훈 on 3/18/24.
+//
+
+import Foundation
+
+struct ErrorResponseDto: Decodable {
+    let code: String
+    let message: String
+}
+
+extension ErrorResponseDto {
+    func toDomain(withStatusCode statusCode: Int) -> ErrorResponse {
+        return ErrorResponse(statusCode: statusCode, code: self.code, message: self.message)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultAbTestRepository.swift b/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultAbTestRepository.swift
index c7dc8831d..707020259 100644
--- a/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultAbTestRepository.swift
+++ b/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultAbTestRepository.swift
@@ -16,6 +16,6 @@ final class DefaultAbTestRepository: AbTestRepository {
     }
     
     func assignAbTest(requestModel: AssignAbTestRequest) -> AnyPublisher<AssignAbTestResponse, ErrorResponse> {
-        return service.assignAbTest(requestModel: requestModel, retry: false)
+        return service.assignAbTest(requestModel: requestModel)
     }
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultBusRepository.swift b/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultBusRepository.swift
index 2e5f8840a..dad512829 100644
--- a/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultBusRepository.swift
+++ b/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultBusRepository.swift
@@ -15,27 +15,27 @@ final class DefaultBusRepository: BusRepository {
         self.service = service
     }
 
-    func searchBusInformation(requestModel: SearchBusInfoRequest) -> AnyPublisher<BusSearchDto, Error> {
+    func searchBusInformation(requestModel: SearchBusInfoRequest) -> AnyPublisher<BusSearchDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return service.searchBusInformation(requestModel: requestModel)
     }
     
-    func fetchShuttleRouteList() -> AnyPublisher<ShuttleRouteDto, Error> {
+    func fetchShuttleRouteList() -> AnyPublisher<ShuttleRouteDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return service.fetchShuttleRouteList()
     }
     
-    func fetchExpressBusTimetableList(requestModel: FetchBusTimetableRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ExpressTimetableDto, Error> {
+    func fetchExpressBusTimetableList(requestModel: FetchBusTimetableRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ExpressTimetableDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return service.fetchExpressTimetableList(requestModel: requestModel)
     }
     
-    func fetchCityBusTimetableList(requestModel: FetchCityBusTimetableRequest) -> AnyPublisher<CityBusTimetableDto, Error> {
+    func fetchCityBusTimetableList(requestModel: FetchCityBusTimetableRequest) -> AnyPublisher<CityBusTimetableDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return service.fetchCityTimetableList(requestModel: requestModel)
     }
     
-    func fetchEmergencyNotice() -> AnyPublisher<BusNoticeDto, Error> {
+    func fetchEmergencyNotice() -> AnyPublisher<BusNoticeDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return service.fetchEmergencyNotice()
     }
     
-    func fetchShuttleBusTimetable(id: String) -> AnyPublisher<ShuttleBusTimetable, Error> {
+    func fetchShuttleBusTimetable(id: String) -> AnyPublisher<ShuttleBusTimetable, ErrorResponse> {
         service.fetchShuttleBusTimetable(id: id)
             .map { $0.toDomain() }
             .eraseToAnyPublisher()
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultCoreRepository.swift b/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultCoreRepository.swift
index d27239848..b1f958000 100644
--- a/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultCoreRepository.swift
+++ b/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultCoreRepository.swift
@@ -15,18 +15,18 @@ final class DefaultCoreRepository: CoreRepository {
         self.service = service
     }
     
-    func fetchVersion() -> AnyPublisher<ForceUpdateResponse, Error> {
+    func fetchVersion() -> AnyPublisher<ForceUpdateResponse, ErrorResponse> {
         return service.fetchVersion()
     }
     
-    func fetBanner() -> AnyPublisher<BannerDto, Error> {
+    func fetBanner() -> AnyPublisher<BannerDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return service.fetchBanner()
     }
-    func fetchClubCategories() -> AnyPublisher<ClubCategoriesDto, Error> {
+    func fetchClubCategories() -> AnyPublisher<ClubCategoriesDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return service.fetchClubCategories()
     }
     
-    func fetchHotClubs() -> AnyPublisher<HotClubDto, Error> {
+    func fetchHotClubs() -> AnyPublisher<HotClubDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return service.fetchHotClubs()
     }
     
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultDiningRepository.swift b/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultDiningRepository.swift
index e812776fa..221f0e6cd 100644
--- a/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultDiningRepository.swift
+++ b/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultDiningRepository.swift
@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@ final class DefaultDiningRepository: DiningRepository {
     }
     
     func fetchDiningList(requestModel: FetchDiningListRequest) -> AnyPublisher<[DiningDto], ErrorResponse> {
-        return diningService.fetchDiningList(requestModel: requestModel, retry: false)
+        return diningService.fetchDiningList(requestModel: requestModel)
     }
     
-    func fetchCoopShopList() -> AnyPublisher<CoopShopDto, Error> {
+    func fetchCoopShopList() -> AnyPublisher<CoopShopDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return diningService.fetchCoopShopList()
     }
     
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultLandRepository.swift b/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultLandRepository.swift
index 9dd186179..262bebb24 100644
--- a/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultLandRepository.swift
+++ b/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultLandRepository.swift
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@ final class DefaultLandRepository: LandRepository {
         self.service = service
     }
     
-    func fetchLandList() -> AnyPublisher<LandDto, Error> {
+    func fetchLandList() -> AnyPublisher<LandDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return service.fetchLandList()
     }
     
-    func fetchLandDetail(requestModel: FetchLandDetailRequest) -> AnyPublisher<LandDetailDto, Error> {
+    func fetchLandDetail(requestModel: FetchLandDetailRequest) -> AnyPublisher<LandDetailDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return service.fetchLandDetail(requestModel: requestModel)
     }
     
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultLostItemRepository.swift b/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultLostItemRepository.swift
index c28acf118..e3992ffc5 100644
--- a/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultLostItemRepository.swift
+++ b/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultLostItemRepository.swift
@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ final class DefaultLostItemRepository: LostItemRepository {
         self.service = service
     }
     
-    func fetchLostItemList(requestModel: FetchLostItemListRequest) -> AnyPublisher<LostItemList, any Error> {
+    func fetchLostItemList(requestModel: FetchLostItemListRequest) -> AnyPublisher<LostItemList, ErrorResponse> {
         return service.fetchLostItemList(requestModel: requestModel)
             .map { $0.toDomain() }
             .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
-    func fetchLostItemData(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<LostItemData, Error> {
+    func fetchLostItemData(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<LostItemData, ErrorResponse> {
         return service.fetchLostItemData(id: id)
             .map { $0.toDomain() }
             .eraseToAnyPublisher()
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ final class DefaultLostItemRepository: LostItemRepository {
         return service.changeLostItemState(id: id)
     }
     
-    func deleteLostItem(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, Error> {
+    func deleteLostItem(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
         return service.deleteLostItem(id: id)
     }
     
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ final class DefaultLostItemRepository: LostItemRepository {
             .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
-    func fetchLostItemStats() -> AnyPublisher<LostItemStats, Error> {
+    func fetchLostItemStats() -> AnyPublisher<LostItemStats, ErrorResponse> {
         return service.fetchLostItemStats()
             .map { $0.toDomain() }
             .eraseToAnyPublisher()
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultNoticeListRepository.swift b/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultNoticeListRepository.swift
index edf8ef2d7..d297c2820 100644
--- a/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultNoticeListRepository.swift
+++ b/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultNoticeListRepository.swift
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ final class DefaultNoticeListRepository: NoticeListRepository {
         self.service = service
     }
     
-    func fetchLostItemArticles(requestModel: FetchLostItemsRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, Error> {
-        service.fetchLostItemArticles(requestModel: requestModel, retry: false)
+    func fetchLostItemArticles(requestModel: FetchLostItemsRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, ErrorResponse> {
+        service.fetchLostItemArticles(requestModel: requestModel)
     }
     
     
@@ -33,27 +33,27 @@ final class DefaultNoticeListRepository: NoticeListRepository {
     }
     
     func fetchLostItem(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<LostArticleDetailDto, ErrorResponse> {
-        service.fetchLostItem(id: id, retry: false)
+        service.fetchLostItem(id: id)
     }
     
     
-    func fetchNoticeArticles(requestModel: FetchNoticeArticlesRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, Error> {
+    func fetchNoticeArticles(requestModel: FetchNoticeArticlesRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return service.fetchNoticeArticles(requestModel: requestModel)
     }
     
-    func fetchLostItemList(requestModel: FetchNoticeArticlesRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, Error> {
+    func fetchLostItemList(requestModel: FetchNoticeArticlesRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return service.fetchLostItemList(requestModel: requestModel)
     }
     
-    func searchNoticeArticle(requestModel: SearchNoticeArticleRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, Error> {
+    func searchNoticeArticle(requestModel: SearchNoticeArticleRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return service.searchNoticeArticle(requestModel: requestModel)
     }
     
-    func fetchNoticeData(requestModel: FetchNoticeDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeArticleDto, Error> {
+    func fetchNoticeData(requestModel: FetchNoticeDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeArticleDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return service.fetchNoticeData(requestModel: requestModel)
     }
     
-    func fetchHotNoticeArticle() -> AnyPublisher<[NoticeArticleDto], Error> {
+    func fetchHotNoticeArticle() -> AnyPublisher<[NoticeArticleDto], ErrorResponse> {
         return service.fetchHotNoticeArticles()
     }
     
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ final class DefaultNoticeListRepository: NoticeListRepository {
         return service.fetchMyNotificationKeyword()
     }
     
-    func fetchRecommendedKeyword(count: Int?) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeRecommendedKeywordDto, Error> {
+    func fetchRecommendedKeyword(count: Int?) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeRecommendedKeywordDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return service.fetchRecommendedKeyword(count: count)
     }
     
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultShopRepository.swift b/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultShopRepository.swift
index 135c35799..09869289f 100644
--- a/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultShopRepository.swift
+++ b/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultShopRepository.swift
@@ -16,19 +16,19 @@ final class DefaultShopRepository: ShopRepository {
         self.service = service
     }
     
-    func fetchShopMenusCategoryList(shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<ShopMenusCategoryDto, Error> {
+    func fetchShopMenusCategoryList(shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<ShopMenusCategoryDto, ErrorResponse> {
         service.fetchShopMenusCategory(shopId: shopId)
     }
     
-    func fetchShopSummary(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<ShopSummaryDto, Error> {
+    func fetchShopSummary(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<ShopSummaryDto, ErrorResponse> {
         service.fetchShopSummary(id: id)
     }
     
-    func fetchBeneficialShops(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<ShopsDto, Error> {
+    func fetchBeneficialShops(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<ShopsDto, ErrorResponse> {
         service.fetchBeneficialShops(id: id)
     }
     
-    func fetchShopBenefits() -> AnyPublisher<ShopBenefitsDto, Error> {
+    func fetchShopBenefits() -> AnyPublisher<ShopBenefitsDto, ErrorResponse> {
         service.fetchShopBenefits()
     }
     
@@ -36,32 +36,32 @@ final class DefaultShopRepository: ShopRepository {
         service.uploadFiles(files: files)
     }
     
-    func fetchShopList(requestModel: FetchShopListRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ShopsDto, Error> {
+    func fetchShopList(requestModel: FetchShopListRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ShopsDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return service.fetchShopList(requestModel: requestModel)
     }
     
-    func fetchEventList() -> AnyPublisher<EventsDto, Error> {
+    func fetchEventList() -> AnyPublisher<EventsDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return service.fetchEventList()
     }
     
-    func fetchShopCategoryList() -> AnyPublisher<ShopCategoryDto, Error> {
+    func fetchShopCategoryList() -> AnyPublisher<ShopCategoryDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return service.fetchShopCategoryList()
     }
     
-    func fetchShopData(requestModel: FetchShopDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ShopDataDto, Error> {
+    func fetchShopData(requestModel: FetchShopDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ShopDataDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return service.fetchShopData(requestModel: requestModel)
     }
     
-    func fetchShopMenuList(requestModel: FetchShopDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<MenuDto, Error> {
+    func fetchShopMenuList(requestModel: FetchShopDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<MenuDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return service.fetchShopMenuList(requestModel: requestModel)
     }
     
-    func fetchShopEventList(requestModel: FetchShopDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<EventsDto, Error> {
+    func fetchShopEventList(requestModel: FetchShopDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<EventsDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return service.fetchShopEventList(requestModel: requestModel)
     }
     
     func fetchReviewList(requestModel: FetchShopReviewRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ReviewsDto, ErrorResponse> {
-        return service.fetchReviewList(requestModel: requestModel, retry: false)
+        return service.fetchReviewList(requestModel: requestModel)
     }
     
     func fetchReview(reviewId: Int, shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<OneReviewDto, ErrorResponse> {
@@ -92,11 +92,11 @@ final class DefaultShopRepository: ShopRepository {
         return service.postCallNotification(shopId: shopId)
     }
     
-    func searchRelatedQuery(text: String) -> AnyPublisher<RelatedKeywordsDto, Error> { // TODO: 삭제 예정
+    func searchRelatedQuery(text: String) -> AnyPublisher<RelatedKeywordsDto, ErrorResponse> { // TODO: 삭제 예정
         return service.searchRelatedShops(text: text)
     }
     
-    func fetchSearchShop(requestModel: FetchShopSearchRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ShopSearch, Error> {
+    func fetchSearchShop(requestModel: FetchShopSearchRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ShopSearch, ErrorResponse> {
         return service.fetchSearchShop(requestModel: requestModel)
             .map { dto in
                 ShopSearch(from: dto)
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultTimetableRepository.swift b/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultTimetableRepository.swift
index 6e90da752..8e6744dd8 100644
--- a/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultTimetableRepository.swift
+++ b/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultTimetableRepository.swift
@@ -35,15 +35,15 @@ final class DefaultTimetableRepository: TimetableRepository {
         service.fetchMySemester()
     }
     
-    func fetchLectureList(semester: String) -> AnyPublisher<[SemesterLecture], Error> {
+    func fetchLectureList(semester: String) -> AnyPublisher<[SemesterLecture], ErrorResponse> {
         service.fetchLectureList(semester: semester)
     }
     
-    func fetchSemester() -> AnyPublisher<[SemesterDto], Error> {
+    func fetchSemester() -> AnyPublisher<[SemesterDto], ErrorResponse> {
         service.fetchSemester()
     }
     
-    func fetchDeptList() -> AnyPublisher<[DeptDto], Error> {
+    func fetchDeptList() -> AnyPublisher<[DeptDto], ErrorResponse> {
         return service.fetchDeptList()
     }
     
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultUserRepository.swift b/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultUserRepository.swift
index 078b26208..1fc09b8ea 100644
--- a/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultUserRepository.swift
+++ b/Koin/Data/Repository/DefaultUserRepository.swift
@@ -63,11 +63,6 @@ final class DefaultUserRepository: UserRepository {
         service.login(requestModel: requestModel)
     }
     
-    func logout() -> AnyPublisher<String, Error> {
-        let fakeResponse = ""
-        return Just(fakeResponse).setFailureType(to: Error.self).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-    }
-    
     func findPassword(requestModel: FindPasswordRequest) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
         service.findPassword(requestModel: requestModel)
     }
@@ -80,11 +75,6 @@ final class DefaultUserRepository: UserRepository {
         service.checkDuplicatedNickname(requestModel: requestModel)
     }
     
-    func checkDuplicatedEmail(email: String) -> AnyPublisher<String, Error> {
-        let fakeResponse = ""
-        return Just(fakeResponse).setFailureType(to: Error.self).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-    }
-    
     func revoke() -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
         service.revoke()
     }
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Service/AbTestService.swift b/Koin/Data/Service/AbTestService.swift
index e7e10c063..9b07726d4 100644
--- a/Koin/Data/Service/AbTestService.swift
+++ b/Koin/Data/Service/AbTestService.swift
@@ -9,59 +9,38 @@ import Alamofire
 import Combine
 
 protocol AbTestService {
-    func assignAbTest(requestModel: AssignAbTestRequest, retry: Bool) -> AnyPublisher<AssignAbTestResponse, ErrorResponse>
+    func assignAbTest(requestModel: AssignAbTestRequest) -> AnyPublisher<AssignAbTestResponse, ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultAbTestService: AbTestService {
     
     private let networkService = NetworkService()
     
-    func assignAbTest(requestModel: AssignAbTestRequest, retry: Bool = false) -> AnyPublisher<AssignAbTestResponse, ErrorResponse> {
-           if KeychainWorker.shared.read(key: .accessHistoryId) == nil {
-               return self.assignAbTestToken()
-                   .flatMap { _ in
-                       self.assignAbTest(requestModel: requestModel) 
-                   }
-                   .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-           }
-           
-           // 키체인이 있는 경우 API 요청
-           return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: AbTestAPI.assignAbTest(requestModel))
-               .handleEvents(receiveOutput: { response in
-                   // KeyChain에 값 저장
-                   KeychainWorker.shared.create(key: .accessHistoryId, token: String(response.accessHistoryId))
-                   KeychainWorker.shared.create(key: .variableName, token: response.variableName.rawValue)
-               })
-               .catch { error -> AnyPublisher<AssignAbTestResponse, ErrorResponse> in
-
-                   if error.code == "401" && !retry {
-                       return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                           .flatMap { _ in self.assignAbTest(requestModel: requestModel) } // 재시도
-                           .catch { refreshError -> AnyPublisher<AssignAbTestResponse, ErrorResponse> in
-                               return self.assignAbTest(requestModel: requestModel, retry: true)
-                           }
-                           .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                   } else {
-                       return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                   }
-               }
-               .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-       }
-       
-       private func assignAbTestToken() -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
-           return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: AbTestAPI.assignAbTestToken)
-               .handleEvents(receiveOutput: { (response: AssignAbTestTokenResponse) in
-                   KeychainWorker.shared.create(key: .accessHistoryId, token: String(response.accessHistoryId))
-               })
-               .map { _ in () }
-               .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-       }
+    func assignAbTest(requestModel: AssignAbTestRequest) -> AnyPublisher<AssignAbTestResponse, ErrorResponse> {
+        if KeychainWorker.shared.read(key: .accessHistoryId) == nil {
+            return self.assignAbTestToken()
+                .flatMap { _ in
+                    self.assignAbTest(requestModel: requestModel)
+                }
+                .eraseToAnyPublisher()
+        }
+        
+        // 키체인이 있는 경우 API 요청
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: AbTestAPI.assignAbTest(requestModel))
+            .handleEvents(receiveOutput: { response in
+                // KeyChain에 값 저장
+                KeychainWorker.shared.create(key: .accessHistoryId, token: String(response.accessHistoryId))
+                KeychainWorker.shared.create(key: .variableName, token: response.variableName.rawValue)
+            })
+            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
+    }
     
-    private func request<T: Decodable>(_ api: AbTestAPI) -> AnyPublisher<T, Error> {
-        return AF.request(api)
-            .publishDecodable(type: T.self)
-            .value()
-            .mapError { $0 as Error }
+    private func assignAbTestToken() -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: AbTestAPI.assignAbTestToken)
+            .handleEvents(receiveOutput: { (response: AssignAbTestTokenResponse) in
+                KeychainWorker.shared.create(key: .accessHistoryId, token: String(response.accessHistoryId))
+            })
+            .map { _ in () }
             .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Service/BusService.swift b/Koin/Data/Service/BusService.swift
index 89b54a93f..a0815c8b5 100644
--- a/Koin/Data/Service/BusService.swift
+++ b/Koin/Data/Service/BusService.swift
@@ -9,47 +9,39 @@ import Alamofire
 import Combine
 
 protocol BusService {
-    func searchBusInformation(requestModel: SearchBusInfoRequest) -> AnyPublisher<BusSearchDto, Error>
-    func fetchShuttleRouteList() -> AnyPublisher<ShuttleRouteDto, Error>
-    func fetchExpressTimetableList(requestModel: FetchBusTimetableRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ExpressTimetableDto, Error>
-    func fetchCityTimetableList(requestModel: FetchCityBusTimetableRequest) -> AnyPublisher<CityBusTimetableDto, Error>
-    func fetchEmergencyNotice() -> AnyPublisher<BusNoticeDto, Error>
-    func fetchShuttleBusTimetable(id: String) -> AnyPublisher<ShuttleBusTimetableDto, Error>
+    func searchBusInformation(requestModel: SearchBusInfoRequest) -> AnyPublisher<BusSearchDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchShuttleRouteList() -> AnyPublisher<ShuttleRouteDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchExpressTimetableList(requestModel: FetchBusTimetableRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ExpressTimetableDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchCityTimetableList(requestModel: FetchCityBusTimetableRequest) -> AnyPublisher<CityBusTimetableDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchEmergencyNotice() -> AnyPublisher<BusNoticeDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchShuttleBusTimetable(id: String) -> AnyPublisher<ShuttleBusTimetableDto, ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultBusService: BusService {
     
-    let mockNetworkService = MockNetworkService()
+    private let networkService = NetworkService()
     
-    func fetchExpressTimetableList(requestModel: FetchBusTimetableRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ExpressTimetableDto, Error> {
-        return request(.fetchBusTimetableList(requestModel))
+    func fetchExpressTimetableList(requestModel: FetchBusTimetableRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ExpressTimetableDto, ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: BusAPI.fetchBusTimetableList(requestModel))
     }
     
-    func searchBusInformation(requestModel: SearchBusInfoRequest) -> AnyPublisher<BusSearchDto, Error> {
-        return request(.searchBusInformation(requestModel))
+    func searchBusInformation(requestModel: SearchBusInfoRequest) -> AnyPublisher<BusSearchDto, ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: BusAPI.searchBusInformation(requestModel))
     }
     
-    func fetchShuttleRouteList() -> AnyPublisher<ShuttleRouteDto, Error> {
-        return request(.fetchShuttleBusTimetableRoute)
+    func fetchShuttleRouteList() -> AnyPublisher<ShuttleRouteDto, ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: BusAPI.fetchShuttleBusTimetableRoute)
     }
     
-    func fetchCityTimetableList(requestModel: FetchCityBusTimetableRequest) -> AnyPublisher<CityBusTimetableDto, Error> {
-        return request(.fetchCityBusTimetableList(requestModel))
+    func fetchCityTimetableList(requestModel: FetchCityBusTimetableRequest) -> AnyPublisher<CityBusTimetableDto, ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: BusAPI.fetchCityBusTimetableList(requestModel))
     }
     
-    func fetchEmergencyNotice() -> AnyPublisher<BusNoticeDto, Error> {
-        return request(.fetchEmergencyNotice)
+    func fetchEmergencyNotice() -> AnyPublisher<BusNoticeDto, ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: BusAPI.fetchEmergencyNotice)
     }
     
-    func fetchShuttleBusTimetable(id: String) -> AnyPublisher<ShuttleBusTimetableDto, Error> {
-        return request(.fetchShuttleBusTimetableList(id))
-    }
-
-    private func request<T: Decodable>(_ api: BusAPI) -> AnyPublisher<T, Error> {
-        return AF.request(api)
-            .publishDecodable(type: T.self)
-            .value()
-            .mapError { $0 as Error }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
+    func fetchShuttleBusTimetable(id: String) -> AnyPublisher<ShuttleBusTimetableDto, ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: BusAPI.fetchShuttleBusTimetableList(id))
     }
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Service/ChatService.swift b/Koin/Data/Service/ChatService.swift
index aa05c18da..578268a68 100644
--- a/Koin/Data/Service/ChatService.swift
+++ b/Koin/Data/Service/ChatService.swift
@@ -17,89 +17,26 @@ protocol ChatService {
 }
 
 final class DefaultChatService: ChatService {
+    
+    private let networkService = NetworkService()
+    
     func createChatRoom(articleId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<CreateChatRoomResponse, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: ChatAPI.createChatRoom(articleId))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<CreateChatRoomResponse, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.requestWithResponse(api: ChatAPI.createChatRoom(articleId)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
-    private let networkService = NetworkService()
-    
     func blockUser(articleId: Int, chatRoomId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.request(api: ChatAPI.blockUser(articleId, chatRoomId))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.request(api: ChatAPI.blockUser(articleId, chatRoomId)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     func fetchChatDetail(articleId: Int, chatRoomId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<[ChatDetailDto], ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: ChatAPI.fetchChatDetail(articleId, chatRoomId))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<[ChatDetailDto], ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.requestWithResponse(api: ChatAPI.fetchChatDetail(articleId, chatRoomId)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     func fetchChatRoom() -> AnyPublisher<[ChatRoomDto], ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: ChatAPI.fetchChatRoom)
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<[ChatRoomDto], ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.requestWithResponse(api: ChatAPI.fetchChatRoom) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     func postChatDetail(articleId: Int, chatRoomId: Int, request: PostChatDetailRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ChatDetailDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: ChatAPI.postChatDetail(articleId, chatRoomId, request))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<ChatDetailDto, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.requestWithResponse(api: ChatAPI.postChatDetail(articleId, chatRoomId, request)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-    }
-    
-    
-    private func request<T: Decodable>(_ api: LandAPI) -> AnyPublisher<T, Error> {
-        return AF.request(api)
-            .publishDecodable(type: T.self)
-            .value()
-            .mapError { $0 as Error }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Service/CoreDataService.swift b/Koin/Data/Service/CoreData/CoreDataService.swift
similarity index 100%
rename from Koin/Data/Service/CoreDataService.swift
rename to Koin/Data/Service/CoreData/CoreDataService.swift
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Service/CoreService.swift b/Koin/Data/Service/CoreService.swift
index 8c6483787..b5735f9e1 100644
--- a/Koin/Data/Service/CoreService.swift
+++ b/Koin/Data/Service/CoreService.swift
@@ -9,32 +9,29 @@ import Alamofire
 import Combine
 
 protocol CoreService {
-    func fetchVersion() -> AnyPublisher<ForceUpdateResponse, Error>
-    func fetchBanner() -> AnyPublisher<BannerDto, Error>
-    func fetchClubCategories() -> AnyPublisher<ClubCategoriesDto, Error>
-    func fetchHotClubs() -> AnyPublisher<HotClubDto, Error>
+    func fetchVersion() -> AnyPublisher<ForceUpdateResponse, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchBanner() -> AnyPublisher<BannerDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchClubCategories() -> AnyPublisher<ClubCategoriesDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchHotClubs() -> AnyPublisher<HotClubDto, ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultCoreService: CoreService {
-    func fetchVersion() -> AnyPublisher<ForceUpdateResponse, Error> {
-        return request(.checkVersion)
-    }
-    func fetchBanner() -> AnyPublisher<BannerDto, Error> {
-        return request(.fetchBanner)
+    
+    private let networkService = NetworkService()
+    
+    func fetchVersion() -> AnyPublisher<ForceUpdateResponse, ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: CoreAPI.checkVersion)
     }
-    func fetchClubCategories() -> AnyPublisher<ClubCategoriesDto, Error> {
-        return request(.fetchClubCategories)
+    
+    func fetchBanner() -> AnyPublisher<BannerDto, ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: CoreAPI.fetchBanner)
     }
     
-    func fetchHotClubs() -> AnyPublisher<HotClubDto, Error> {
-        return request(.fetchHotClubs)
+    func fetchClubCategories() -> AnyPublisher<ClubCategoriesDto, ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: CoreAPI.fetchClubCategories)
     }
-
-    private func request<T: Decodable>(_ api: CoreAPI) -> AnyPublisher<T, Error> {
-        return AF.request(api)
-            .publishDecodable(type: T.self)
-            .value()
-            .mapError { $0 as Error }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
+    
+    func fetchHotClubs() -> AnyPublisher<HotClubDto, ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: CoreAPI.fetchHotClubs)
     }
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Service/DiningService.swift b/Koin/Data/Service/DiningService.swift
index 777bcc1ab..9acdffcc7 100644
--- a/Koin/Data/Service/DiningService.swift
+++ b/Koin/Data/Service/DiningService.swift
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ import Alamofire
 import Combine
 
 protocol DiningService {
-    func fetchDiningList(requestModel: FetchDiningListRequest, retry: Bool) -> AnyPublisher<[DiningDto], ErrorResponse>
-    func fetchCoopShopList() -> AnyPublisher<CoopShopDto, Error>
+    func fetchDiningList(requestModel: FetchDiningListRequest) -> AnyPublisher<[DiningDto], ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchCoopShopList() -> AnyPublisher<CoopShopDto, ErrorResponse>
     func diningLike(requestModel: DiningLikeRequest, isLiked: Bool) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse>
 }
 
@@ -18,49 +18,16 @@ final class DefaultDiningService: DiningService {
     
     private let networkService = NetworkService()
     
-    func fetchDiningList(requestModel: FetchDiningListRequest, retry: Bool = false) -> AnyPublisher<[DiningDto], ErrorResponse> {
+    func fetchDiningList(requestModel: FetchDiningListRequest) -> AnyPublisher<[DiningDto], ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: DiningAPI.fetchDiningList(requestModel))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<[DiningDto], ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" && !retry {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.requestWithResponse(api: DiningAPI.fetchDiningList(requestModel)) }
-                        .catch { refreshError -> AnyPublisher<[DiningDto], ErrorResponse> in
-                            return self.fetchDiningList(requestModel: requestModel, retry: true)
-                        }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     
-    func fetchCoopShopList() -> AnyPublisher<CoopShopDto, Error> {
-        return request(.fetchCoopShopList)
+    func fetchCoopShopList() -> AnyPublisher<CoopShopDto, ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: DiningAPI.fetchCoopShopList)
     }
     
     func diningLike(requestModel: DiningLikeRequest, isLiked: Bool) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.request(api: DiningAPI.diningLike(requestModel, isLiked))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.request(api: DiningAPI.diningLike(requestModel, isLiked)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-    }
-    
-    private func request<T: Decodable>(_ api: DiningAPI) -> AnyPublisher<T, Error> {
-        return AF.request(api)
-            .publishDecodable(type: T.self)
-            .value()
-            .mapError { $0 as Error }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Service/LandService.swift b/Koin/Data/Service/LandService.swift
index cab4796b8..c11ad138e 100644
--- a/Koin/Data/Service/LandService.swift
+++ b/Koin/Data/Service/LandService.swift
@@ -9,25 +9,19 @@ import Alamofire
 import Combine
 
 protocol LandService {
-    func fetchLandList() -> AnyPublisher<LandDto, Error>
-    func fetchLandDetail(requestModel: FetchLandDetailRequest) -> AnyPublisher<LandDetailDto, Error>
+    func fetchLandList() -> AnyPublisher<LandDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchLandDetail(requestModel: FetchLandDetailRequest) -> AnyPublisher<LandDetailDto, ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultLandService: LandService {
     
-    func fetchLandList() -> AnyPublisher<LandDto, Error> {
-        return request(.fetchLandList)
-    }
+    private let networkService = NetworkService()
     
-    func fetchLandDetail(requestModel: FetchLandDetailRequest) -> AnyPublisher<LandDetailDto, Error> {
-        return request(.fetchLandDetail(requestModel))
+    func fetchLandList() -> AnyPublisher<LandDto, ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: LandAPI.fetchLandList)
     }
-
-    private func request<T: Decodable>(_ api: LandAPI) -> AnyPublisher<T, Error> {
-        return AF.request(api)
-            .publishDecodable(type: T.self)
-            .value()
-            .mapError { $0 as Error }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
+    
+    func fetchLandDetail(requestModel: FetchLandDetailRequest) -> AnyPublisher<LandDetailDto, ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: LandAPI.fetchLandDetail(requestModel))
     }
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Service/LogAnalyticsService.swift b/Koin/Data/Service/LogAnalyticsService.swift
index d605b94b3..ffd182703 100644
--- a/Koin/Data/Service/LogAnalyticsService.swift
+++ b/Koin/Data/Service/LogAnalyticsService.swift
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ protocol LogAnalyticsService {
 }
 
 final class GA4AnalyticsService: LogAnalyticsService {
+    
     func logEvent(name: String, label: String, value: String, category: String) {
         let parameters = [
             "event_label": label,
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Service/LostItemService.swift b/Koin/Data/Service/LostItemService.swift
index 8da04ae8e..1154e21d8 100644
--- a/Koin/Data/Service/LostItemService.swift
+++ b/Koin/Data/Service/LostItemService.swift
@@ -10,93 +10,39 @@ import Combine
 import Alamofire
 
 protocol LostItemService {
-    func fetchLostItemList(requestModel: FetchLostItemListRequest) -> AnyPublisher<LostItemListDto, Error>
-    func fetchLostItemData(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<LostItemDataDto, Error>
+    func fetchLostItemList(requestModel: FetchLostItemListRequest) -> AnyPublisher<LostItemListDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchLostItemData(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<LostItemDataDto, ErrorResponse>
     func changeLostItemState(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse>
-    func deleteLostItem(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, Error>
+    func deleteLostItem(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse>
     func updateLostItem(id: Int, requestModel: UpdateLostItemRequest) -> AnyPublisher<LostItemDataDto, ErrorResponse>
-    func fetchLostItemStats() -> AnyPublisher<LostItemStatsDto, Error>
+    func fetchLostItemStats() -> AnyPublisher<LostItemStatsDto, ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultLostItemService: LostItemService {
     
     private let networkService = NetworkService()
     
-    func fetchLostItemList(requestModel: FetchLostItemListRequest) -> AnyPublisher<LostItemListDto, Error> {
-        return request(.fetchLostItemList(requestModel))
+    func fetchLostItemList(requestModel: FetchLostItemListRequest) -> AnyPublisher<LostItemListDto, ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: LostItemAPI.fetchLostItemList(requestModel))
     }
     
-    func fetchLostItemData(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<LostItemDataDto, Error> {
-        return request(.fetchLostItemData(id))
+    func fetchLostItemData(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<LostItemDataDto, ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: LostItemAPI.fetchLostItemData(id))
     }
     
     func changeLostItemState(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.request(api: LostItemAPI.changeListItemState(id))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.request(api: LostItemAPI.changeListItemState(id)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
-    func deleteLostItem(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, Error> {
+    func deleteLostItem(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.request(api: LostItemAPI.deleteLostItem(id))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in
-                            self.networkService.request(api: LostItemAPI.deleteLostItem(id))
-                        }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .mapError { $0 as Error }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     func updateLostItem(id: Int, requestModel: UpdateLostItemRequest) -> AnyPublisher<LostItemDataDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: LostItemAPI.updateLostItem((id, requestModel)))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<LostItemDataDto, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.requestWithResponse(api: LostItemAPI.updateLostItem((id, requestModel))) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
-    func fetchLostItemStats() -> AnyPublisher<LostItemStatsDto, Error> {
-        return request(LostItemAPI.fetchLostItemStats)
-    }
-    
-    private func request<T: Decodable>(_ api: LostItemAPI) -> AnyPublisher<T, Error> {
-        return AF.request(api)
-            .publishDecodable(type: T.self)
-            .value()
-            .mapError { $0 as Error }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-    }
-    
-    private func request(_ api: LostItemAPI) -> AnyPublisher<Void, Error> {
-        return AF.request(api)
-            .validate()
-            .publishData()
-            .value()
-            .map { _ in }
-            .mapError { $0 as Error }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
+    func fetchLostItemStats() -> AnyPublisher<LostItemStatsDto, ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: LostItemAPI.fetchLostItemStats)
     }
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Service/MockNetworkService.swift b/Koin/Data/Service/MockNetworkService.swift
deleted file mode 100644
index 9f8e5f2f3..000000000
--- a/Koin/Data/Service/MockNetworkService.swift
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-//
-//  MockNetworkService.swift
-//  koin
-//
-//  Created by JOOMINKYUNG on 12/8/24.
-//
-
-import Foundation
-import Alamofire
-import Combine
-
-class MockNetworkService {
-    func request<T: Decodable>(api: URLRequest) -> AnyPublisher<T, Error> {
-        
-        return AF.request(api)
-            .validate()
-            .publishData()
-            .tryMap { response in
-                guard let httpResponse = response.response else {
-                    throw URLError(.badServerResponse)
-                }
-                
-                guard (200..<300).contains(httpResponse.statusCode) else {
-                    if let data = response.data {
-                        let errorResponse = try JSONDecoder().decode(ErrorResponse.self, from: data)
-                        throw errorResponse
-                    } else {
-                        throw ErrorResponse(code: "", message: "알 수 없는 에러")
-                    }
-                }
-                
-                guard let data = response.data else {
-                    throw ErrorResponse(code: "", message: "응답이 없음")
-                }
-                
-                return try JSONDecoder().decode(T.self, from: data)
-            }
-            .mapError { error in
-                
-                return error
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-    }
-}
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/AbTestAPI.swift b/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/AbTestAPI.swift
index 556e19087..7b5866c7f 100644
--- a/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/AbTestAPI.swift
+++ b/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/AbTestAPI.swift
@@ -39,9 +39,6 @@ extension AbTestAPI: Router, URLRequestConvertible {
             if let accessHistoryId = KeychainWorker.shared.read(key: .accessHistoryId) {
                 defaultHeaders["access_history_id"] = accessHistoryId
             }
-            if let token = KeychainWorker.shared.read(key: .access) {
-                defaultHeaders["Authorization"] = "Bearer \(token)"
-            }
             return defaultHeaders
         case .assignAbTestToken:
             return [:]
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/ChatAPI.swift b/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/ChatAPI.swift
index fb6c2eda0..9f651217f 100644
--- a/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/ChatAPI.swift
+++ b/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/ChatAPI.swift
@@ -42,12 +42,6 @@ extension ChatAPI: Router, URLRequestConvertible {
     public var headers: [String: String] {
         var baseHeaders: [String: String] = [:]
         switch self {
-        case .fetchChatRoom, .fetchChatDetail, .blockUser, .createChatRoom, .postChatDetail:
-            if let token = KeychainWorker.shared.read(key: .access) {
-                baseHeaders["Authorization"] = "Bearer \(token)"
-            }
-        }
-        switch self {
         case .createChatRoom, .postChatDetail: 
             baseHeaders["Content-Type"] = "application/json"
         default: break
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/DiningAPI.swift b/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/DiningAPI.swift
index 294faae0f..0d8809a9f 100644
--- a/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/DiningAPI.swift
+++ b/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/DiningAPI.swift
@@ -38,16 +38,7 @@ extension DiningAPI: Router, URLRequestConvertible {
     }
     
     public var headers: [String: String] {
-        switch self {
-        case .fetchCoopShopList: return [:]
-        case .diningLike, .fetchDiningList: 
-            if let token = KeychainWorker.shared.read(key: .access) {
-                let headers = ["Authorization": "Bearer \(token)"]
-                return headers
-            } else {
-                return [:]
-            }
-        }
+        return [:]
     }
     
     public var parameters: Any? {
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/LostItemAPI.swift b/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/LostItemAPI.swift
index 447fc93f4..12ef20c73 100644
--- a/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/LostItemAPI.swift
+++ b/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/LostItemAPI.swift
@@ -45,17 +45,7 @@ extension LostItemAPI: Router, URLRequestConvertible {
     }
     
     public var headers: [String: String] {
-        switch self {
-        case .fetchLostItemList, .fetchLostItemData, .changeListItemState, .deleteLostItem, .updateLostItem:
-            if let token = KeychainWorker.shared.read(key: .access) {
-                let headers = ["Authorization": "Bearer \(token)"]
-                return headers
-            } else {
-                return [:]
-            }
-        case .fetchLostItemStats:
-            return [:]
-        }
+        return [:]
     }
     
     public var parameters: Any? {
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/NotiAPI.swift b/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/NotiAPI.swift
index 30419e799..fbcf70597 100644
--- a/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/NotiAPI.swift
+++ b/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/NotiAPI.swift
@@ -44,13 +44,7 @@ extension NotiAPI: Router, URLRequestConvertible {
     }
     
     public var headers: [String: String] {
-        if let token = KeychainWorker.shared.read(key: .access) {
-            let headers = ["Authorization": "Bearer \(token)",
-                           "Content-Type": "application/json" ]
-            return headers
-        } else {
-            return [:]
-        }
+        return ["Content-Type": "application/json"]
     }
     
     public var parameters: Any? {
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/NoticeListAPI.swift b/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/NoticeListAPI.swift
index 0660df67a..537b169e4 100644
--- a/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/NoticeListAPI.swift
+++ b/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/NoticeListAPI.swift
@@ -64,17 +64,7 @@ extension NoticeListAPI: Router, URLRequestConvertible {
     }
     
     public var headers: [String: String] {
-        switch self {
-        case .fetchNoticeArticles, .searchNoticeArticle, .fetchNoticeData, .fetchHotNoticeArticles, .fetchRecommendedKeyword, .fetchRecommendedSearchWord, .fetchLostItemList:
-            return [:]
-        case .createNotificationKeyword, .deleteNotificationKeyword, .fetchNotificationKeyword, .postLostItem, .deleteLostItem, .fetchLostItem, .reportLostItem, .fetchLostItemArticles:
-            if let token = KeychainWorker.shared.read(key: .access) {
-                let headers = ["Authorization": "Bearer \(token)"]
-                return headers
-            } else {
-                return [:]
-            }
-        }
+        return [:]
     }
     
     
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/ShopAPI.swift b/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/ShopAPI.swift
index 014f907cb..f1e279487 100644
--- a/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/ShopAPI.swift
+++ b/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/ShopAPI.swift
@@ -80,13 +80,6 @@ extension ShopAPI: Router, URLRequestConvertible {
     public var headers: [String: String] {
         var baseHeaders: [String: String] = [:]
         switch self {
-        case .fetchShopList, .fetchEventList, .fetchShopCategoryList, .fetchShopData, .fetchShopMenuList, .fetchShopEventList, .fetchShopBenefits, .searchShop: break
-        default:
-            if let token = KeychainWorker.shared.read(key: .access) {
-                baseHeaders["Authorization"] = "Bearer \(token)"
-            } 
-        }
-        switch self {
         case .postReview, .reportReview, .modifyReview, .deleteReview, .postCallNotification:
             baseHeaders["Content-Type"] = "application/json"
         case .uploadFiles:
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/TimetableAPI.swift b/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/TimetableAPI.swift
index 854ac7b3d..cfd444528 100644
--- a/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/TimetableAPI.swift
+++ b/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/TimetableAPI.swift
@@ -64,13 +64,6 @@ extension TimetableAPI: Router, URLRequestConvertible {
     public var headers: [String: String] {
         var baseHeaders: [String: String] = [:]
         switch self {
-        case .fetchFrame, .deleteFrame, .createFrame, .modifyFrame, .postLecture, .modifyLecture, .fetchLecture, .fetchMySemester, .deleteLecture, .deleteSemester, ._deleteLecture, .rollbackFrame, .fetchAllFrames:
-            if let token = KeychainWorker.shared.read(key: .access) {
-                baseHeaders["Authorization"] = "Bearer \(token)"
-            }
-        default: break
-        }
-        switch self {
         case .createFrame, .modifyFrame, .postLecture, .modifyLecture, .rollbackFrame:
             baseHeaders["Content-Type"] = "application/json"
         default:
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/UserAPI.swift b/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/UserAPI.swift
index 8020bc7d8..892779f08 100644
--- a/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/UserAPI.swift
+++ b/Koin/Data/Service/Network/API/UserAPI.swift
@@ -92,14 +92,7 @@ extension UserAPI: Router, URLRequestConvertible {
         case .fetchStudentUserData, .revoke, .checkAuth, .checkLogin, .fetchGeneralUserData:
             break
         }
-            switch self {
-            case .fetchStudentUserData, .revoke, .modifyStudentUserData, .checkPassword, .checkAuth , .fetchGeneralUserData, .modifyGeneralUserData, .changePassword:
-                if let token = KeychainWorker.shared.read(key: .access) {
-                    baseHeaders["Authorization"] = "Bearer \(token)"
-                }
-            default: break
-            }
-            return baseHeaders
+        return baseHeaders
     }
     
     public var parameters: Any? {
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Service/Network/Interceptor.swift b/Koin/Data/Service/Network/Interceptor.swift
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4863e4847
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Koin/Data/Service/Network/Interceptor.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+//
+//  Interceptor.swift
+//  koin
+//
+//  Created by 홍기정 on 2/12/26.
+//
+
+import Foundation
+import Alamofire
+import Combine
+
+final class Interceptor: RequestInterceptor {
+    
+    private let retryLimit = 1
+    private var subscriptions: Set<AnyCancellable> = []
+    
+    private let lock = NSLock()
+    @Published private var isRefreshing = false
+    
+    func adapt(_ urlRequest: URLRequest,
+               for session: Session,
+               completion: @escaping (Result<URLRequest, any Error>) -> Void) {
+        
+        lock.lock()
+        defer {
+            lock.unlock()
+        }
+        
+        switch isRefreshing {
+        case true:
+            $isRefreshing
+                .filter { $0 == false }
+                .first()
+                .sink { _ in
+                    var urlRequest = urlRequest
+                    if let token = KeychainWorker.shared.read(key: .access) {
+                        urlRequest.setValue("Bearer \(token)", forHTTPHeaderField: "Authorization")
+                    }
+                    completion(.success(urlRequest))
+                }
+                .store(in: &subscriptions)
+        case false:
+            var urlRequest = urlRequest
+            if let token = KeychainWorker.shared.read(key: .access) {
+                urlRequest.setValue("Bearer \(token)", forHTTPHeaderField: "Authorization")
+            }
+            completion(.success(urlRequest))
+        }
+    }
+    
+    func retry(_ request: Request,
+               for session: Session,
+               dueTo error: any Error,
+               completion: @escaping @Sendable (RetryResult) -> Void) {
+
+        guard let responseCode = request.response?.statusCode,
+              responseCode == 401,
+              request.retryCount < retryLimit,
+              let _ = KeychainWorker.shared.read(key: .refresh) else {
+            completion(.doNotRetryWithError(error))
+            return
+        }
+        
+        lock.lock()
+        defer {
+            lock.unlock()
+        }
+        
+        switch isRefreshing {
+        case true:
+            $isRefreshing
+                .filter { $0 == false }
+                .first()
+                .sink { _ in
+                    completion(.retry)
+                }
+                .store(in: &subscriptions)
+        case false:
+            isRefreshing = true
+            refreshToken().sink( receiveValue: { [weak self] isRefreshed in
+                guard let self else { return }
+                
+                lock.lock()
+                isRefreshing = false
+                lock.unlock()
+                
+                completion(isRefreshed ? .retry : .doNotRetryWithError(error))
+            }).store(in: &subscriptions)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+extension Interceptor {
+    
+    private func refreshToken() -> AnyPublisher<Bool, Never> {
+        return requestWithResponse(api: UserAPI.refreshToken(RefreshTokenRequest(refreshToken: KeychainWorker.shared.read(key: .refresh) ?? "")))
+            .map { (tokenDto: TokenDto) in
+                KeychainWorker.shared.create(key: .access, token: tokenDto.token)
+                KeychainWorker.shared.create(key: .refresh, token: tokenDto.refreshToken)
+                return true
+            }
+            .catch { _ -> Just<Bool> in
+                KeychainWorker.shared.delete(key: .access)
+                KeychainWorker.shared.delete(key: .refresh)
+                return Just(false)
+            }
+            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
+    }
+    
+    private func requestWithResponse<T: Decodable>(api: URLRequestConvertible) -> AnyPublisher<T, Error> {
+        return AF.request(api)
+            .publishDecodable(type: T.self)
+            .value()
+            .mapError { $0 as Error }
+            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Service/Network/MockNetworkService.swift b/Koin/Data/Service/Network/MockNetworkService.swift
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..99e2b2b13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Koin/Data/Service/Network/MockNetworkService.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+//
+//  MockNetworkService.swift
+//  koin
+//
+//  Created by JOOMINKYUNG on 12/8/24.
+//
+
+import Foundation
+import Alamofire
+import Combine
+
+class MockNetworkService {
+    func request<T: Decodable>(api: URLRequest) -> AnyPublisher<T, ErrorResponse> {
+        
+        return AF.request(api)
+            .validate()
+            .publishData()
+            .tryMap { response in
+                guard let httpResponse = response.response else {
+                    throw ErrorResponse.networkError
+                }
+                
+                guard (200..<300).contains(httpResponse.statusCode) else {
+                    if let data = response.data {
+                        if let errorResponse = try? JSONDecoder().decode(ErrorResponseDto.self, from: data) {
+                            throw errorResponse.toDomain(withStatusCode: httpResponse.statusCode)
+                        }
+                        throw ErrorResponse.decodingError(httpResponse.statusCode)
+                    } else {
+                        throw ErrorResponse.emptyDataError(httpResponse.statusCode)
+                    }
+                }
+                
+                guard let data = response.data else {
+                    throw ErrorResponse.emptyDataError(httpResponse.statusCode)
+                }
+                
+                if let response = try? JSONDecoder().decode(T.self, from: data) {
+                    return response
+                } else {
+                    throw ErrorResponse.decodingError(httpResponse.statusCode)
+                }
+            }
+            .mapError { error in
+                if let errorResponse = error as? ErrorResponse {
+                    return errorResponse
+                }
+                return ErrorResponse.typeCastingError
+            }
+            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Service/Network/NetworkService.swift b/Koin/Data/Service/Network/NetworkService.swift
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4b315df61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Koin/Data/Service/Network/NetworkService.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+//
+//  NetworkService.swift
+//  koin
+//
+//  Created by 김나훈 on 7/27/24.
+//
+
+import Foundation
+import Alamofire
+import Combine
+
+final class NetworkService {
+    
+    private let interceptor = Interceptor()
+    
+    func request(api: URLRequestConvertible) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
+        return AF.request(api, interceptor: interceptor)
+            .publishData()
+            .tryMap { response in
+                guard let httpResponse = response.response else {
+                    throw ErrorResponse.networkError
+                }
+                if 200..<300 ~= httpResponse.statusCode {
+                    return ()
+                }
+                if let data = response.data {
+                    if let errorResponse = try? JSONDecoder().decode(ErrorResponseDto.self, from: data) {
+                        throw errorResponse.toDomain(withStatusCode: httpResponse.statusCode)
+                    }
+                    throw ErrorResponse.decodingError(httpResponse.statusCode)
+                }
+                throw ErrorResponse.emptyDataError(httpResponse.statusCode)
+            }
+            .mapError { error -> ErrorResponse in
+                self.handleError(error)
+            }
+            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
+    }
+    
+    func requestWithResponse<T: Decodable>(api: URLRequestConvertible) -> AnyPublisher<T, ErrorResponse> {
+        return AF.request(api, interceptor: interceptor)
+            .publishData()
+            .tryMap { response in
+                guard let httpResponse = response.response else {
+                    throw ErrorResponse.networkError
+                }
+                if 200..<300 ~= httpResponse.statusCode {
+                    if let data = response.data {
+                        if let decodedResponse = try? JSONDecoder().decode(T.self, from: data) {
+                            return decodedResponse
+                        }
+                        throw ErrorResponse.decodingError(httpResponse.statusCode)
+                    }
+                    throw ErrorResponse.emptyDataError(httpResponse.statusCode)
+                }
+                if let data = response.data {
+                    if let errorResponse = try? JSONDecoder().decode(ErrorResponseDto.self, from: data) {
+                        throw errorResponse.toDomain(withStatusCode: httpResponse.statusCode)
+                    }
+                    throw ErrorResponse.decodingError(httpResponse.statusCode)
+                }
+                throw ErrorResponse.emptyDataError(httpResponse.statusCode)
+            }
+            .mapError { error -> ErrorResponse in
+                self.handleError(error)
+            }
+            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
+    }
+    
+    func uploadFiles(api: ShopAPI) -> AnyPublisher<FileUploadResponse, ErrorResponse> {
+        guard case ShopAPI.uploadFiles(let files) = api else {
+            return Fail(error: ErrorResponse.invalidApi)
+                .eraseToAnyPublisher()
+        }
+        
+        return AF.upload(multipartFormData: api.asMultipartFormData(data: files),
+                         to: api.baseURL + api.path,
+                         method: api.method,
+                         headers: Alamofire.HTTPHeaders(api.headers),
+                         interceptor: interceptor)
+            .publishData()
+            .tryMap { response in
+                guard let httpResponse = response.response else {
+                    throw ErrorResponse.networkError
+                }
+                if 200..<300 ~= httpResponse.statusCode {
+                    if let data = response.data {
+                        if let decodedResponse = try? JSONDecoder().decode(FileUploadResponse.self, from: data) {
+                            return decodedResponse
+                        }
+                        throw ErrorResponse.decodingError(httpResponse.statusCode)
+                    }
+                    throw ErrorResponse.emptyDataError(httpResponse.statusCode)
+                }
+                if let data = response.data {
+                    if let errorResponse = try? JSONDecoder().decode(ErrorResponseDto.self, from: data) {
+                        throw errorResponse.toDomain(withStatusCode: httpResponse.statusCode)
+                    }
+                    throw ErrorResponse.decodingError(httpResponse.statusCode)
+                }
+                throw ErrorResponse.emptyDataError(httpResponse.statusCode)
+            }
+            .mapError { error -> ErrorResponse in
+                self.handleError(error)
+            }
+            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
+    }
+    
+    func downloadFiles(api: URLRequest, fileName: String) -> AnyPublisher<URL?, ErrorResponse> {
+        let fileManager = FileManager.default
+        guard let documentsDirectory = fileManager.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in: .userDomainMask).first else { return Fail(error: ErrorResponse.fileManagerFailedDirectory).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
+        let fileUrl = documentsDirectory.appendingPathComponent(fileName)
+        let destination: DownloadRequest.Destination = { _, _ in
+            return (fileUrl, [.removePreviousFile, .createIntermediateDirectories])
+        }
+        
+        return AF.download(api, interceptor: interceptor, to: destination)
+            .publishData()
+            .tryMap { response in
+                guard let httpResponse = response.response else {
+                    throw ErrorResponse.networkError
+                }
+                if 200..<300 ~= httpResponse.statusCode {
+                    return documentsDirectory
+                }
+                if let data = response.value {
+                    if let errorRespose = try? JSONDecoder().decode(ErrorResponseDto.self, from: data) {
+                        throw errorRespose.toDomain(withStatusCode: httpResponse.statusCode)
+                    }
+                    throw ErrorResponse.decodingError(httpResponse.statusCode)
+                }
+                throw ErrorResponse.emptyDataError(httpResponse.statusCode)
+            }
+            .mapError { error -> ErrorResponse in
+                self.handleError(error)
+            }
+            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
+        
+    }
+}
+
+extension NetworkService {
+    
+    private func handleError(_ error: Error) -> ErrorResponse {
+        if let errorResponse = error as? ErrorResponse {
+            
+            if let statusCode = errorResponse.statusCode,
+               500..<600 ~= statusCode {
+                NotificationCenter.default.post(name: NSNotification.Name("ServerError"), object: nil)
+            }
+            
+            Log.make().error("\(errorResponse)")
+            return errorResponse
+        }
+        
+        Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        return ErrorResponse.typeCastingError
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Service/Network/Router.swift b/Koin/Data/Service/Network/Router.swift
index 5e94096d3..f63e87689 100644
--- a/Koin/Data/Service/Network/Router.swift
+++ b/Koin/Data/Service/Network/Router.swift
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import Foundation
 import Alamofire
 
-public protocol Router {
+public protocol Router: URLRequestConvertible {
     var baseURL: String { get }
     var path: String { get }
     var method: Alamofire.HTTPMethod { get }
@@ -37,14 +37,15 @@ extension Router {
         
         return request
     }
-    public func asMultipartRequest(data: [Data], withName: String, fileName: String, mimeType: String) -> DataRequest {
-           return AF.upload(multipartFormData: { multipartFormData in
-               for (index, fileData) in data.enumerated() {
-                   let uniqueFileName = "\(fileName)_\(index + 1)"
-                   multipartFormData.append(fileData, withName: withName, fileName: uniqueFileName, mimeType: mimeType)
-               }
-           }, to: baseURL + path, method: method, headers: Alamofire.HTTPHeaders(headers))
-       }
+
+    public func asMultipartFormData(data: [Data]) -> ((MultipartFormData)->Void) {
+        return { multipartFormData in
+            for (index, fileData) in data.enumerated() {
+                let uniqueFileName = "file_\(index + 1)"
+                multipartFormData.append(fileData, withName: "files", fileName: uniqueFileName, mimeType: "image/png")
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 extension Encodable {
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Service/NetworkService.swift b/Koin/Data/Service/NetworkService.swift
deleted file mode 100644
index 14cdedbd2..000000000
--- a/Koin/Data/Service/NetworkService.swift
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,154 +0,0 @@
-//
-//  NetworkService.swift
-//  koin
-//
-//  Created by 김나훈 on 7/27/24.
-//
-
-import Foundation
-import Alamofire
-import Combine
-
-class NetworkService {
-    func request(api: URLRequestConvertible) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
-        return AF.request(api)
-            .validate()
-            .publishData()
-            .tryMap { response in
-                guard let httpResponse = response.response else {
-                    throw URLError(.badServerResponse)
-                }
-                if 200..<300 ~= httpResponse.statusCode {
-                    return ()
-                } else if httpResponse.statusCode == 401 {
-                    throw ErrorResponse(code: "401", message: "")
-                } else {
-                    if let data = response.data {
-                        let errorResponse = try JSONDecoder().decode(ErrorResponse.self, from: data)
-                        throw errorResponse
-                    } else {
-                        let afError = AFError.responseValidationFailed(reason: .unacceptableStatusCode(code: httpResponse.statusCode))
-                        throw afError
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            .mapError { error -> ErrorResponse in
-                self.handleError(error)
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-    }
-    
-    func requestWithResponse<T: Decodable>(api: URLRequestConvertible) -> AnyPublisher<T, ErrorResponse> {
-        return AF.request(api)
-            .validate()
-            .publishData()
-            .tryMap { response in
-                guard let httpResponse = response.response else {
-                    throw URLError(.badServerResponse)
-                }
-                if 200..<300 ~= httpResponse.statusCode {
-                    guard let data = response.data else {
-                        throw ErrorResponse(code: "", message: "알 수 없는 에러")
-                    }
-                    let decodedResponse = try JSONDecoder().decode(T.self, from: data)
-                    return decodedResponse
-                } else if httpResponse.statusCode == 401 {
-                    throw ErrorResponse(code: "401", message: "")
-                } else {
-                    if let data = response.data {
-                        let errorResponse = try JSONDecoder().decode(ErrorResponse.self, from: data)
-                        throw errorResponse
-                    } else {
-                        let afError = AFError.responseValidationFailed(reason: .unacceptableStatusCode(code: httpResponse.statusCode))
-                        throw afError
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            .mapError { error -> ErrorResponse in
-                self.handleError(error)
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-    }
-    
-    func handleError(_ error: Error) -> ErrorResponse {
-        if let errorResponse = error as? ErrorResponse {
-            return errorResponse
-        }
-        return ErrorResponse(code: "", message: "알 수 없는 에러")
-    }
-    
-    func refreshToken() -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
-        return requestWithResponse(api: UserAPI.refreshToken(RefreshTokenRequest(refreshToken: KeychainWorker.shared.read(key: .refresh) ?? "")))
-            .map { (tokenDto: TokenDto) -> Void in
-                KeychainWorker.shared.create(key: .access, token: tokenDto.token)
-                KeychainWorker.shared.create(key: .refresh, token: tokenDto.refreshToken)
-                return ()
-            }
-            .catch { error -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> in
-                KeychainWorker.shared.delete(key: .access)
-                KeychainWorker.shared.delete(key: .refresh)
-                return Fail(error: ErrorResponse(code: "401", message: "로그인이 필요한 기능이에요.")).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-    }
-    
-    func uploadFiles(api: ShopAPI) -> AnyPublisher<FileUploadResponse, ErrorResponse> {
-        guard case ShopAPI.uploadFiles(let files) = api else {
-            return Fail(error: ErrorResponse(code: "invalid_api", message: "Invalid API case for file upload"))
-                .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-        }
-        
-        return Future<FileUploadResponse, ErrorResponse> { promise in
-            api.asMultipartRequest(data: files, withName: "files", fileName: "file", mimeType: "image/png")
-                .responseDecodable(of: FileUploadResponse.self) { response in
-                    switch response.result {
-                    case .success(let fileUploadResponse):
-                        promise(.success(fileUploadResponse))
-                    case .failure:
-                        if let data = response.data {
-                            let errorResponse = try? JSONDecoder().decode(ErrorResponse.self, from: data)
-                            promise(.failure(errorResponse ?? ErrorResponse(code: "unknown", message: "An unknown error occurred")))
-                        } else {
-                            promise(.failure(ErrorResponse(code: "unknown", message: "An unknown error occurred")))
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-        }
-        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-    }
-    
-    func downloadFiles(api: URLRequest, fileName: String) -> AnyPublisher<URL?, ErrorResponse> {
-        let fileManager = FileManager.default
-        guard let documentsDirectory = fileManager.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in: .userDomainMask).first else { return Fail(error: ErrorResponse(code: "001", message: "파일 저장 위치 찾기 실패")).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-        let fileUrl = documentsDirectory.appendingPathComponent(fileName)
-        let destination: DownloadRequest.Destination = { _, _ in
-            return (fileUrl, [.removePreviousFile, .createIntermediateDirectories])
-        }
-        
-        return AF.download(api, to: destination)
-            .validate()
-            .publishData()
-            .tryMap { response in
-                guard let httpResponse = response.response else {
-                    throw URLError(.badServerResponse)
-                }
-                
-                if 200..<300 ~= httpResponse.statusCode {
-                    print("File is downloaded")
-                    return documentsDirectory
-                } else {
-                    if let error = response.error {
-                        print("Download Failed - \(error)")
-                    } else {
-                        throw ErrorResponse(code: "\(httpResponse.statusCode)", message: "알 수 없는 에러")
-                    }
-                }
-                return nil
-            }
-            .mapError { error -> ErrorResponse in
-                self.handleError(error)
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-        
-    }
-}
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Service/NotiService.swift b/Koin/Data/Service/NotiService.swift
index 485b642e1..980612dc0 100644
--- a/Koin/Data/Service/NotiService.swift
+++ b/Koin/Data/Service/NotiService.swift
@@ -20,67 +20,24 @@ final class DefaultNotiService: NotiService {
     private let networkService = NetworkService()
     
     private func sendDeviceToken() -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
-            return networkService.request(api: NotiAPI.sendDeviceToken)
-                .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> in
-                    guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                    if error.code == "401" {
-                        return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                            .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.request(api: NotiAPI.sendDeviceToken) }
-                            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                    } else {
-                        return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                    }
-                }
-                .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-        }
+        return networkService.request(api: NotiAPI.sendDeviceToken)
+    }
         
-        func changeNoti(method: Alamofire.HTTPMethod, requestModel: NotiSubscribeRequest) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
-            return sendDeviceToken() // 1. 먼저 sendDeviceToken()을 호출
-                .flatMap { [weak self] _ -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> in
-                    guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: ErrorResponse(code: "500", message: "Unexpected error")).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                    return self.networkService.request(api: NotiAPI.changeNoti(method, requestModel)) // 2. 성공하면 changeNoti 호출
-                }
-                .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> in
-                    guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                    if error.code == "401" {
-                        return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                            .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.request(api: NotiAPI.changeNoti(method, requestModel)) }
-                            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                    } else {
-                        return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                    }
-                }
-                .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-        }
+    func changeNoti(method: Alamofire.HTTPMethod, requestModel: NotiSubscribeRequest) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
+        return sendDeviceToken() // 1. 먼저 sendDeviceToken()을 호출
+            .flatMap { [weak self] _ -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> in
+                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: ErrorResponse.unexpectedInternalError).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
+                return self.networkService.request(api: NotiAPI.changeNoti(method, requestModel)) // 2. 성공하면 changeNoti 호출
+            }
+            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
+    }
     
     func changeNotiDetail(method: Alamofire.HTTPMethod, requestModel: NotiSubscribeDetailRequest) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.request(api: NotiAPI.changeNotiDetail(method, requestModel))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.request(api: NotiAPI.changeNotiDetail(method, requestModel)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     func fetchNotiList() -> AnyPublisher<NotiAgreementDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: NotiAPI.fetchNotiList)
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<NotiAgreementDto, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.requestWithResponse(api: NotiAPI.fetchNotiList) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Service/NoticeListService.swift b/Koin/Data/Service/NoticeListService.swift
index 1b4319602..cc81135e5 100644
--- a/Koin/Data/Service/NoticeListService.swift
+++ b/Koin/Data/Service/NoticeListService.swift
@@ -10,147 +10,75 @@ import Alamofire
 import Combine
 
 protocol NoticeListService {
-    func fetchNoticeArticles(requestModel: FetchNoticeArticlesRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, Error>
-    func searchNoticeArticle(requestModel: SearchNoticeArticleRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, Error>
-    func fetchLostItemArticles(requestModel: FetchLostItemsRequest, retry: Bool) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, Error>
-    func fetchNoticeData(requestModel: FetchNoticeDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeArticleDto, Error>
-    func fetchHotNoticeArticles() -> AnyPublisher<[NoticeArticleDto], Error>
+    func fetchNoticeArticles(requestModel: FetchNoticeArticlesRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func searchNoticeArticle(requestModel: SearchNoticeArticleRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchLostItemArticles(requestModel: FetchLostItemsRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchNoticeData(requestModel: FetchNoticeDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeArticleDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchHotNoticeArticles() -> AnyPublisher<[NoticeArticleDto], ErrorResponse>
     func createNotificationKeyword(requestModel: NoticeKeywordDto) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeKeywordDto, ErrorResponse>
     func deleteNotificationKeyword(requestModel: NoticeKeywordDto) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse>
     func fetchMyNotificationKeyword() -> AnyPublisher<NoticeKeywordsFetchResult, ErrorResponse>
-    func fetchRecommendedKeyword(count: Int?) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeRecommendedKeywordDto, Error>
+    func fetchRecommendedKeyword(count: Int?) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeRecommendedKeywordDto, ErrorResponse>
     func downloadNoticeAttachment(downloadUrl: String, fileName: String) -> AnyPublisher<URL?, ErrorResponse>
     func manageRecentSearchedWord(name: String, date: Date, actionType: Int)
     func fetchRecentSearchedWord() -> [RecentSearchedWordInfo]
     func postLostItem(request: [PostLostItemRequest]) -> AnyPublisher<LostItemDataDto, ErrorResponse>
-    func fetchLostItemList(requestModel: FetchNoticeArticlesRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, Error>
-    func fetchLostItem(id: Int, retry: Bool) -> AnyPublisher<LostArticleDetailDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchLostItemList(requestModel: FetchNoticeArticlesRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchLostItem(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<LostArticleDetailDto, ErrorResponse>
     func deleteLostItem(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse>
     func reportLostItemArticle(id: Int, request: ReportLostItemRequest) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultNoticeService: NoticeListService {
         
-    let networkService = NetworkService()
-    let coreDataService = CoreDataService.shared
+    private let networkService = NetworkService()
+    private let coreDataService = CoreDataService.shared
     
-    func fetchLostItemArticles(requestModel: FetchLostItemsRequest, retry: Bool) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, Error> {
+    func fetchLostItemArticles(requestModel: FetchLostItemsRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: NoticeListAPI.fetchLostItemArticles(requestModel))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, Error> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" && !retry {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.requestWithResponse(api: NoticeListAPI.fetchLostItemArticles(requestModel)) }
-                        .catch { refreshError -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, Error> in
-                            return self.fetchLostItemArticles(requestModel: requestModel, retry: true)
-                        }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
-    
     func reportLostItemArticle(id: Int, request: ReportLostItemRequest) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.request(api: NoticeListAPI.reportLostItem(id, request))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.request(api: NoticeListAPI.reportLostItem(id, request)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     func postLostItem(request: [PostLostItemRequest]) -> AnyPublisher<LostItemDataDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: NoticeListAPI.postLostItem(request))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<LostItemDataDto, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.requestWithResponse(api: NoticeListAPI.postLostItem(request)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
-    func fetchLostItemList(requestModel: FetchNoticeArticlesRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, Error> {
-        return request(.fetchLostItemList(requestModel))
+    func fetchLostItemList(requestModel: FetchNoticeArticlesRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: NoticeListAPI.fetchLostItemList(requestModel))
     }
-    func fetchLostItem(id: Int, retry: Bool = false) -> AnyPublisher<LostArticleDetailDto, ErrorResponse> {
+    
+    func fetchLostItem(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<LostArticleDetailDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: NoticeListAPI.fetchLostItem(id))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<LostArticleDetailDto, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" && !retry {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.requestWithResponse(api: NoticeListAPI.fetchLostItem(id)) }
-                        .catch { refreshError -> AnyPublisher<LostArticleDetailDto, ErrorResponse> in
-                            return self.fetchLostItem(id: id, retry: true)
-                        }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     func deleteLostItem(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.request(api: NoticeListAPI.deleteLostItem(id))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.request(api: NoticeListAPI.deleteLostItem(id)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
-    func fetchNoticeArticles(requestModel: FetchNoticeArticlesRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, Error> {
-        return request(.fetchNoticeArticles(requestModel))
+    func fetchNoticeArticles(requestModel: FetchNoticeArticlesRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: NoticeListAPI.fetchNoticeArticles(requestModel))
     }
     
-    func searchNoticeArticle(requestModel: SearchNoticeArticleRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, Error> {
-        return request(.searchNoticeArticle(requestModel))
+    func searchNoticeArticle(requestModel: SearchNoticeArticleRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: NoticeListAPI.searchNoticeArticle(requestModel))
     }
     
-    func fetchNoticeData(requestModel: FetchNoticeDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeArticleDto, Error> {
-        return request(.fetchNoticeData(requestModel))
+    func fetchNoticeData(requestModel: FetchNoticeDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeArticleDto, ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: NoticeListAPI.fetchNoticeData(requestModel))
     }
     
-    func fetchHotNoticeArticles() -> AnyPublisher<[NoticeArticleDto], Error> {
-        return request(.fetchHotNoticeArticles)
+    func fetchHotNoticeArticles() -> AnyPublisher<[NoticeArticleDto], ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: NoticeListAPI.fetchHotNoticeArticles)
     }
     
     func createNotificationKeyword(requestModel: NoticeKeywordDto) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeKeywordDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: NoticeListAPI.createNotificationKeyword(requestModel))
             .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<NoticeKeywordDto, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.requestWithResponse(api: NoticeListAPI.createNotificationKeyword(requestModel))
-                        }
-                        .catch { [weak self] _ -> AnyPublisher<NoticeKeywordDto, ErrorResponse> in
-                            guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                            return self.createCoreDataKeyword(requestModel: requestModel)
-                        }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return self.createCoreDataKeyword(requestModel: requestModel)
-                }
+                guard let self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
+                return self.createCoreDataKeyword(requestModel: requestModel)
             }
             .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
@@ -158,18 +86,6 @@ final class DefaultNoticeService: NoticeListService {
     func deleteNotificationKeyword(requestModel: NoticeKeywordDto) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
         if let id = requestModel.id {
             return networkService.request(api: NoticeListAPI.deleteNotificationKeyword(id))
-                .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> in
-                    guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                    if error.code == "401" {
-                        return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                            .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.request(api: NoticeListAPI.deleteNotificationKeyword(id))
-                            }
-                            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                    } else {
-                        return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                    }
-                }
-                .eraseToAnyPublisher()
         }
         else {
             if let existingKeywords = coreDataService.fetchEntities(objectType: NoticeKeywordInformation.self, predicate: NSPredicate(format: "name == %@", requestModel.keyword)) {
@@ -177,7 +93,7 @@ final class DefaultNoticeService: NoticeListService {
                     coreDataService.delete(deletedObject: deletedKeyword)
                 }
             }
-            return Fail(error: ErrorResponse(code: "", message: "로그인에 실패하여 코어데이터에서 키워드 삭제")).eraseToAnyPublisher()
+            return Fail(error: ErrorResponse.deleteKeywordError).eraseToAnyPublisher()
         }
     }
     
@@ -186,34 +102,24 @@ final class DefaultNoticeService: NoticeListService {
             .map { NoticeKeywordsFetchResult.success($0) }
             .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<NoticeKeywordsFetchResult, ErrorResponse> in
                 guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.requestWithResponse(api: NoticeListAPI.fetchNotificationKeyword).map { NoticeKeywordsFetchResult.success($0) }
-                        }
-                        .catch { [weak self] _ -> AnyPublisher<NoticeKeywordsFetchResult, ErrorResponse> in
-                            guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error.self).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                            return self.fetchCoreDataKeyword()
-                        }.eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return fetchCoreDataKeyword()
-                }
+                return self.fetchCoreDataKeyword()
             }
             .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
-    func fetchRecommendedKeyword(count: Int?) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeRecommendedKeywordDto, Error> {
+    func fetchRecommendedKeyword(count: Int?) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeRecommendedKeywordDto, ErrorResponse> {
         if let count = count {
             let requestModel = FetchRecommendedSearchWordRequest(count: count)
-            return request(.fetchRecommendedSearchWord(requestModel)).eraseToAnyPublisher()
+            return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: NoticeListAPI.fetchRecommendedSearchWord(requestModel)).eraseToAnyPublisher()
         }
         else {
-            return request(.fetchRecommendedKeyword).eraseToAnyPublisher()
+            return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: NoticeListAPI.fetchRecommendedKeyword).eraseToAnyPublisher()
         }
     }
     
     func downloadNoticeAttachment(downloadUrl: String, fileName: String) -> AnyPublisher<URL?, ErrorResponse> {
         guard let url = URL(string: downloadUrl) else {
-            return Fail(error: ErrorResponse(code: "", message: "URL이 유효하지 않습니다."))
+            return Fail(error: ErrorResponse.invalidUrl)
                 .eraseToAnyPublisher()
         }
         var api = URLRequest(url: url)
@@ -270,14 +176,6 @@ final class DefaultNoticeService: NoticeListService {
         let keyword = NoticeKeywordInformation(context: self.coreDataService.context)
         keyword.name = requestModel.keyword
         self.coreDataService.insert(insertedObject: keyword)
-        return Fail(error: ErrorResponse(code: "", message: "로그인에 실패하여 코어데이터에 키워드 저장")).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-    }
-
-    private func request<T: Decodable>(_ api: NoticeListAPI) -> AnyPublisher<T, Error> {
-        return AF.request(api)
-            .publishDecodable(type: T.self)
-            .value()
-            .mapError { $0 as Error }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
+        return Fail(error: ErrorResponse.createKeywordError).eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Service/ShopService.swift b/Koin/Data/Service/ShopService.swift
index c17c06d53..36212dcb1 100644
--- a/Koin/Data/Service/ShopService.swift
+++ b/Koin/Data/Service/ShopService.swift
@@ -10,30 +10,30 @@ import Alamofire
 import Combine
 
 protocol ShopService {
-    func fetchShopMenusCategory(shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<ShopMenusCategoryDto, Error>
-    func fetchShopSummary(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<ShopSummaryDto, Error>
-    func fetchShopList(requestModel: FetchShopListRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ShopsDto, Error>
-    func fetchEventList() -> AnyPublisher<EventsDto, Error>
-    func fetchShopCategoryList() -> AnyPublisher<ShopCategoryDto, Error>
-    func fetchShopData(requestModel: FetchShopDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ShopDataDto, Error>
-    func fetchShopMenuList(requestModel: FetchShopDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<MenuDto, Error>
-    func fetchShopEventList(requestModel: FetchShopDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<EventsDto, Error>
-    func searchRelatedShops(text: String) -> AnyPublisher<RelatedKeywordsDto, Error>
+    func fetchShopMenusCategory(shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<ShopMenusCategoryDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchShopSummary(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<ShopSummaryDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchShopList(requestModel: FetchShopListRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ShopsDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchEventList() -> AnyPublisher<EventsDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchShopCategoryList() -> AnyPublisher<ShopCategoryDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchShopData(requestModel: FetchShopDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ShopDataDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchShopMenuList(requestModel: FetchShopDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<MenuDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchShopEventList(requestModel: FetchShopDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<EventsDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func searchRelatedShops(text: String) -> AnyPublisher<RelatedKeywordsDto, ErrorResponse>
         
-    func fetchReviewList(requestModel: FetchShopReviewRequest, retry: Bool) -> AnyPublisher<ReviewsDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchReviewList(requestModel: FetchShopReviewRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ReviewsDto, ErrorResponse>
     func fetchReview(reviewId: Int, shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<OneReviewDto, ErrorResponse>
     func fetchMyReviewList(requestModel: FetchMyReviewRequest, shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<MyReviewDto, ErrorResponse>
     func postReview(requestModel: WriteReviewRequest, shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse>
     func modifyReview(requestModel: WriteReviewRequest, reviewId: Int, shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse>
     func deleteReview(reviewId: Int, shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse>
     func reportReview(requestModel: ReportReviewRequest, reviewId: Int, shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse>
-    func fetchShopBenefits() -> AnyPublisher<ShopBenefitsDto, Error>
-    func fetchBeneficialShops(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<ShopsDto, Error>
+    func fetchShopBenefits() -> AnyPublisher<ShopBenefitsDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchBeneficialShops(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<ShopsDto, ErrorResponse>
     
     func postCallNotification(shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse>
     func uploadFiles(files: [Data]) -> AnyPublisher<FileUploadResponse, ErrorResponse>
     
-    func fetchSearchShop(requestModel: FetchShopSearchRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ShopSearchDto, Error>
+    func fetchSearchShop(requestModel: FetchShopSearchRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ShopSearchDto, ErrorResponse>
     
 }
 
@@ -41,198 +41,87 @@ final class DefaultShopService: ShopService {
     
     private let networkService = NetworkService()
     
-    func fetchShopMenusCategory(shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<ShopMenusCategoryDto, Error> {
-        request(.fetchShopMenusCategoryList(shopId: shopId))
+    func fetchShopMenusCategory(shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<ShopMenusCategoryDto, ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: ShopAPI.fetchShopMenusCategoryList(shopId: shopId))
     }
     
-    func fetchShopSummary(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<ShopSummaryDto, Error> {
-        request(.fetchShopSummary(id))
-        
+    func fetchShopSummary(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<ShopSummaryDto, ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: ShopAPI.fetchShopSummary(id))
     }
     
-    func fetchShopBenefits() -> AnyPublisher<ShopBenefitsDto, Error> {
-        request(.fetchShopBenefits)
+    func fetchShopBenefits() -> AnyPublisher<ShopBenefitsDto, ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: ShopAPI.fetchShopBenefits)
     }
     
-    func fetchBeneficialShops(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<ShopsDto, Error> {
-        request(.fetchBeneficialShops(id))
+    func fetchBeneficialShops(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<ShopsDto, ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: ShopAPI.fetchBeneficialShops(id))
     }
     
     func uploadFiles(files: [Data]) -> AnyPublisher<FileUploadResponse, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.uploadFiles(api: ShopAPI.uploadFiles(files))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<FileUploadResponse, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.uploadFiles(api: ShopAPI.uploadFiles(files)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-    }
-    
-    func fetchReviewList(requestModel: FetchShopReviewRequest, retry: Bool) -> AnyPublisher<ReviewsDto, ErrorResponse> {
+    }
+    
+    func fetchReviewList(requestModel: FetchShopReviewRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ReviewsDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: ShopAPI.fetchReviewList(requestModel))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<ReviewsDto, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" && !retry {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.requestWithResponse(api: ShopAPI.fetchReviewList(requestModel)) }
-                        .catch { refreshError -> AnyPublisher<ReviewsDto, ErrorResponse> in
-                            return self.fetchReviewList(requestModel: requestModel, retry: true)
-                        }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     func fetchReview(reviewId: Int, shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<OneReviewDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: ShopAPI.fetchReview(reviewId, shopId))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<OneReviewDto, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.requestWithResponse(api: ShopAPI.fetchReview(reviewId, shopId)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     func fetchMyReviewList(requestModel: FetchMyReviewRequest, shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<MyReviewDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: ShopAPI.fetchMyReviewList(requestModel, shopId))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<MyReviewDto, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.requestWithResponse(api: ShopAPI.fetchMyReviewList(requestModel, shopId)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     func postReview(requestModel: WriteReviewRequest, shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.request(api: ShopAPI.postReview(requestModel, shopId))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.request(api: ShopAPI.postReview(requestModel, shopId)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     func modifyReview(requestModel: WriteReviewRequest, reviewId: Int, shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.request(api: ShopAPI.modifyReview(requestModel, reviewId, shopId))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.request(api: ShopAPI.modifyReview(requestModel, reviewId, shopId)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     func deleteReview(reviewId: Int, shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.request(api: ShopAPI.deleteReview(reviewId, shopId))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.request(api: ShopAPI.deleteReview(reviewId, shopId)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     func reportReview(requestModel: ReportReviewRequest, reviewId: Int, shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.request(api: ShopAPI.reportReview(requestModel, reviewId, shopId))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.request(api: ShopAPI.reportReview(requestModel, reviewId, shopId)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
-    func fetchShopList(requestModel: FetchShopListRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ShopsDto, Error> {
-        return request(.fetchShopList(requestModel))
+    func fetchShopList(requestModel: FetchShopListRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ShopsDto, ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: ShopAPI.fetchShopList(requestModel))
     }
     
-    func fetchEventList() -> AnyPublisher<EventsDto, Error> {
-        return request(.fetchEventList)
+    func fetchEventList() -> AnyPublisher<EventsDto, ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: ShopAPI.fetchEventList)
     }
     
-    func fetchShopCategoryList() -> AnyPublisher<ShopCategoryDto, Error> {
-        return request(.fetchShopCategoryList)
+    func fetchShopCategoryList() -> AnyPublisher<ShopCategoryDto, ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: ShopAPI.fetchShopCategoryList)
     }
     
-    func fetchShopData(requestModel: FetchShopDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ShopDataDto, Error> {
-        return request(.fetchShopData(requestModel))
+    func fetchShopData(requestModel: FetchShopDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ShopDataDto, ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: ShopAPI.fetchShopData(requestModel))
     }
     
-    func fetchShopMenuList(requestModel: FetchShopDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<MenuDto, Error> {
-        return request(.fetchShopMenuList(requestModel))
+    func fetchShopMenuList(requestModel: FetchShopDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<MenuDto, ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: ShopAPI.fetchShopMenuList(requestModel))
     }
     
-    func fetchShopEventList(requestModel: FetchShopDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<EventsDto, Error> {
-        return request(.fetchShopEventList(requestModel))
+    func fetchShopEventList(requestModel: FetchShopDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<EventsDto, ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: ShopAPI.fetchShopEventList(requestModel))
     }
     
-    func searchRelatedShops(text: String) -> AnyPublisher<RelatedKeywordsDto, Error> {
-        return request(.searchShop(text))
+    func searchRelatedShops(text: String) -> AnyPublisher<RelatedKeywordsDto, ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: ShopAPI.searchShop(text))
     }
     
-    func fetchSearchShop(requestModel: FetchShopSearchRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ShopSearchDto, Error> {
-        return request(.fetchSearchShop(requestModel))
+    func fetchSearchShop(requestModel: FetchShopSearchRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ShopSearchDto, ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: ShopAPI.fetchSearchShop(requestModel))
     }
     
     func postCallNotification(shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.request(api: ShopAPI.postCallNotification(shopId))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.request(api: ShopAPI.postCallNotification(shopId)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-    }
-    
-    private func request<T: Decodable>(_ api: ShopAPI) -> AnyPublisher<T, Error> {
-        return AF.request(api)
-            .publishDecodable(type: T.self)
-            .value()
-            .mapError { $0 as Error }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Service/TimetableService.swift b/Koin/Data/Service/TimetableService.swift
index fb210a5a4..b099eaf0e 100644
--- a/Koin/Data/Service/TimetableService.swift
+++ b/Koin/Data/Service/TimetableService.swift
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import Alamofire
 import Combine
 
 protocol TimetableService {
-    func fetchDeptList() -> AnyPublisher<[DeptDto], Error>
+    func fetchDeptList() -> AnyPublisher<[DeptDto], ErrorResponse>
     func fetchFrame(semester: String) -> AnyPublisher<[FrameDto], ErrorResponse>
     func deleteFrame(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse>
     func createFrame(semester: String) -> AnyPublisher<FrameDto, ErrorResponse>
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ protocol TimetableService {
     func modifyLecture(request: LectureRequest) -> AnyPublisher<LectureDto, ErrorResponse>
     func postLecture(request: LectureRequest) -> AnyPublisher<LectureDto, ErrorResponse>
     func fetchMySemester() -> AnyPublisher<MySemesterDto, ErrorResponse>
-    func fetchLectureList(semester: String) -> AnyPublisher<[SemesterLecture], Error>
-    func fetchSemester() -> AnyPublisher<[SemesterDto], Error>
+    func fetchLectureList(semester: String) -> AnyPublisher<[SemesterLecture], ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchSemester() -> AnyPublisher<[SemesterDto], ErrorResponse>
     func deleteLecture(frameId: Int, lectureId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse>
     func deleteSemester(semester: String) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse>
     func _deleteLecture(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse>
@@ -33,216 +33,64 @@ final class DefaultTimetableService: TimetableService {
     
     func fetchAllFrames() -> AnyPublisher<SemestersDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: TimetableAPI.fetchAllFrames)
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<SemestersDto, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.requestWithResponse(api: TimetableAPI.fetchAllFrames) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     func rollbackFrame(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<LectureDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: TimetableAPI.rollbackFrame(id: id))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<LectureDto, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.requestWithResponse(api: TimetableAPI.rollbackFrame(id: id)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     func _deleteLecture(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.request(api: TimetableAPI._deleteLecture(id: id))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.request(api: TimetableAPI._deleteLecture(id: id)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     func deleteLecture(frameId: Int, lectureId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.request(api: TimetableAPI.deleteLecture(frameId: frameId, lectureId: lectureId))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.request(api: TimetableAPI.deleteLecture(frameId: frameId, lectureId: lectureId)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     func deleteSemester(semester: String) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.request(api: TimetableAPI.deleteSemester(semester: semester))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.request(api: TimetableAPI.deleteSemester(semester: semester)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     func fetchMySemester() -> AnyPublisher<MySemesterDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: TimetableAPI.fetchMySemester)
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<MySemesterDto, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.requestWithResponse(api: TimetableAPI.fetchMySemester) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
-    func fetchLectureList(semester: String) -> AnyPublisher<[SemesterLecture], Error> {
-        request(.fetchLectureList(semester: semester))
+    func fetchLectureList(semester: String) -> AnyPublisher<[SemesterLecture], ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: TimetableAPI.fetchLectureList(semester: semester))
     }
     
-    func fetchSemester() -> AnyPublisher<[SemesterDto], Error> {
-        request(.fetchSemester)
+    func fetchSemester() -> AnyPublisher<[SemesterDto], ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: TimetableAPI.fetchSemester)
     }
-    func fetchDeptList() -> AnyPublisher<[DeptDto], Error> {
-        return request(.fetchDeptList)
+    func fetchDeptList() -> AnyPublisher<[DeptDto], ErrorResponse> {
+        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: TimetableAPI.fetchDeptList)
     }
     
     func fetchLecture(frameId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<LectureDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: TimetableAPI.fetchLecture(frameId: frameId))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<LectureDto, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.requestWithResponse(api: TimetableAPI.fetchLecture(frameId: frameId)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     func modifyLecture(request: LectureRequest) -> AnyPublisher<LectureDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: TimetableAPI.modifyLecture(request: request))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<LectureDto, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.requestWithResponse(api: TimetableAPI.modifyLecture(request: request)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     func postLecture(request: LectureRequest) -> AnyPublisher<LectureDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: TimetableAPI.postLecture(request: request))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<LectureDto, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.requestWithResponse(api: TimetableAPI.postLecture(request: request)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     func fetchFrame(semester: String) -> AnyPublisher<[FrameDto], ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: TimetableAPI.fetchFrame(semester: semester))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<[FrameDto], ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.requestWithResponse(api: TimetableAPI.fetchFrame(semester: semester)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     func createFrame(semester: String) -> AnyPublisher<FrameDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: TimetableAPI.createFrame(semester: semester))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<FrameDto, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.requestWithResponse(api: TimetableAPI.createFrame(semester: semester)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     func modifyFrame(frame: FrameDto) -> AnyPublisher<FrameDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: TimetableAPI.modifyFrame(frame: frame))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<FrameDto, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.requestWithResponse(api: TimetableAPI.modifyFrame(frame: frame)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     func deleteFrame(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.request(api: TimetableAPI.deleteFrame(id: id))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.request(api: TimetableAPI.deleteFrame(id: id)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-    }
-    
-   
-    private func request<T: Decodable>(_ api: TimetableAPI) -> AnyPublisher<T, Error> {
-        return AF.request(api)
-            .publishDecodable(type: T.self)
-            .value()
-            .mapError { $0 as Error }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Data/Service/UserService.swift b/Koin/Data/Service/UserService.swift
index ef3cfd9de..04ea39317 100644
--- a/Koin/Data/Service/UserService.swift
+++ b/Koin/Data/Service/UserService.swift
@@ -35,148 +35,46 @@ protocol UserService {
 }
 
 final class DefaultUserService: UserService {
+    
+    private let networkService = NetworkService()
+    
     func changePassword(requestModel: ChangePasswordRequest) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.request(api: UserAPI.changePassword(requestModel))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.request(api: UserAPI.changePassword(requestModel)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
-    
-    private let networkService = NetworkService()
-    
     func resetPasswordSms(requestModel: ResetPasswordSmsRequest) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.request(api: UserAPI.resetPasswordSms(requestModel))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.request(api: UserAPI.resetPasswordSms(requestModel)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
 
     func resetPasswordEmail(requestModel: ResetPasswordEmailRequest) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.request(api: UserAPI.resetPasswordEmail(requestModel))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.request(api: UserAPI.resetPasswordEmail(requestModel)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     func findIdSms(requestModel: FindIdSmsRequest) -> AnyPublisher<FindIdSmsResponse, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: UserAPI.findIdSms(requestModel))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<FindIdSmsResponse, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.requestWithResponse(api: UserAPI.findIdSms(requestModel)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     func findIdEmail(requestModel: FindIdEmailRequest) -> AnyPublisher<FindIdEmailResponse, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: UserAPI.findIdEmail(requestModel))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<FindIdEmailResponse, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.requestWithResponse(api: UserAPI.findIdEmail(requestModel)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     func sendVerificationEmail(requestModel: SendVerificationEmailRequest) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.request(api: UserAPI.sendVerificationEmail(requestModel))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.request(api: UserAPI.sendVerificationEmail(requestModel)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     func checkVerificationEmail(requestModel: CheckVerificationEmailRequest) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.request(api: UserAPI.checkVerificationEmail(requestModel))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.request(api: UserAPI.checkVerificationEmail(requestModel)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     func checkLogin() -> AnyPublisher<Bool, Never> {
-        networkService.request(api: UserAPI.checkLogin)
+        return (networkService.request(api: UserAPI.checkLogin) as AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse>)
             .map { _ in true }
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<Bool, Never> in
-                guard let self = self else {
-                    return Just(false).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.request(api: UserAPI.checkLogin) }
-                        .map { _ in true }
-                        .replaceError(with: false)
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Just(false).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
             .replaceError(with: false)
             .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     func checkAuth() -> AnyPublisher<UserTypeResponse, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: UserAPI.checkAuth)
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<UserTypeResponse, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.requestWithResponse(api: UserAPI.checkAuth) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     func findPassword(requestModel: FindPasswordRequest) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
@@ -200,94 +98,32 @@ final class DefaultUserService: UserService {
     }
     
     func fetchUserData() -> AnyPublisher<UserDto, ErrorResponse> {
-        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: UserAPI.checkAuth)
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<UserTypeResponse, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.requestWithResponse(api: UserAPI.checkAuth) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
+        return (networkService.requestWithResponse(api: UserAPI.checkAuth) as AnyPublisher<UserTypeResponse, ErrorResponse>)
             .flatMap { [weak self] userTypeResponse -> AnyPublisher<UserDto, ErrorResponse> in
                 guard let self = self else { return Empty().eraseToAnyPublisher() }
                 let userType = userTypeResponse.userType
                 let api: UserAPI = userType == .student ? .fetchStudentUserData : .fetchGeneralUserData
                 return self.networkService.requestWithResponse(api: api)
-                    .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<UserDto, ErrorResponse> in
-                        guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                        if error.code == "401" {
-                            return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                                .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.requestWithResponse(api: api) }
-                                .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                        } else {
-                            return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                        }
-                    }.eraseToAnyPublisher()
             }.eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     func revoke() -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.request(api: UserAPI.revoke)
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.request(api: UserAPI.revoke) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     func modify(requestModel: UserPutRequest) -> AnyPublisher<UserDto, ErrorResponse> {
-        return networkService.requestWithResponse(api: UserAPI.checkAuth)
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<UserTypeResponse, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.requestWithResponse(api: UserAPI.checkAuth) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
+        return (networkService.requestWithResponse(api: UserAPI.checkAuth) as AnyPublisher<UserTypeResponse, ErrorResponse>)
             .flatMap { [weak self] userTypeResponse -> AnyPublisher<UserDto, ErrorResponse> in
                 guard let self = self else { return Empty().eraseToAnyPublisher() }
                 let userType = userTypeResponse.userType
                 let api: UserAPI = userType == .student ? .modifyStudentUserData(requestModel) : .modifyGeneralUserData(requestModel)
                 return self.networkService.requestWithResponse(api: api)
-                    .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<UserDto, ErrorResponse> in
-                        guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                        if error.code == "401" {
-                            return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                                .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.requestWithResponse(api: api) }
-                                .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                        } else {
-                            return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                        }
-                    }.eraseToAnyPublisher()
             }
             .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     func checkPassword(requestModel: CheckPasswordRequest) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
         return networkService.request(api: UserAPI.checkPassword(requestModel))
-            .catch { [weak self] error -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> in
-                guard let self = self else { return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher() }
-                if error.code == "401" {
-                    return self.networkService.refreshToken()
-                        .flatMap { _ in self.networkService.request(api: UserAPI.checkPassword(requestModel)) }
-                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                } else {
-                    return Fail(error: error).eraseToAnyPublisher()
-                }
-            }
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
     func sendVerificationCode(requestModel: SendVerificationCodeRequest) -> AnyPublisher<SendVerificationCodeDto, ErrorResponse> {
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/Model/ErrorResponse.swift b/Koin/Domain/Model/ErrorResponse.swift
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..02ec10f8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Koin/Domain/Model/ErrorResponse.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+//
+//  ErrorResponse.swift
+//  koin
+//
+//  Created by 홍기정 on 2/15/26.
+//
+
+import Foundation
+
+struct ErrorResponse: Error {
+    var statusCode: Int? = nil
+    let code: String
+    let message: String
+    
+    init(statusCode: Int? = nil, code: String, message: String) {
+        self.statusCode = statusCode
+        self.code = code
+        self.message = message
+    }
+    
+    init(_ userInputError: UserInputError) {
+        self.code = ""
+        self.message = userInputError.errorDescription ?? ""
+    }
+}
+
+extension ErrorResponse {
+    
+    static func decodingError(_ statusCode: Int) -> Self {
+        return ErrorResponse(statusCode: statusCode, code: "DECODING_ERROR", message: "디코딩 실패")
+    }
+    static func emptyDataError(_ statusCode: Int) -> Self {
+        return ErrorResponse(statusCode: statusCode, code: "EMPTY_DATA_ERROR", message: "응답 데이터가 없습니다")
+    }
+    
+    static let unexpectedInternalError = ErrorResponse(statusCode: nil, code: "UNEXPECTED_INTERNAL_ERROR", message: "내부 오류")
+    static let typeCastingError = ErrorResponse(statusCode: nil, code: "TYPE_CASTING_ERROR", message: "타입 캐스팅 실패")
+    static let networkError = ErrorResponse(statusCode: nil, code: "NETWORK_ERROR", message: "서버 응답 오류")
+    static let invalidUrl = ErrorResponse(statusCode: nil, code: "INVALID_URL", message: "URL이 유효하지 않습니다.")
+    static let invalidApi = ErrorResponse(statusCode: nil, code: "INVALID_API", message: "API가 유효하지 않습니다.")
+    static let fileManagerFailedDirectory = ErrorResponse(statusCode: nil, code: "FILEMANAGER_FAILED_DIRECTORY", message: "파일 저장 위치 찾기 실패")
+    static let deleteKeywordError = ErrorResponse(statusCode: nil, code: "DELETE_KEYWORD_ERROR", message: "로그인에 실패하여 코어데이터에서 키워드 삭제")
+    static let createKeywordError = ErrorResponse(statusCode: nil, code: "CREATE_KEYWORD_ERROR", message: "로그인에 실패하여 코어데이터에서 키워드 저장")
+}
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/Repository/BusRepository.swift b/Koin/Domain/Repository/BusRepository.swift
index ae9a0c981..c6eca8df7 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/Repository/BusRepository.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/Repository/BusRepository.swift
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@
 import Combine
 
 protocol BusRepository {
-    func searchBusInformation(requestModel: SearchBusInfoRequest) -> AnyPublisher<BusSearchDto, Error>
-    func fetchExpressBusTimetableList(requestModel: FetchBusTimetableRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ExpressTimetableDto, Error>
-    func fetchShuttleRouteList() -> AnyPublisher<ShuttleRouteDto, Error>
-    func fetchCityBusTimetableList(requestModel: FetchCityBusTimetableRequest) -> AnyPublisher<CityBusTimetableDto, Error>
-    func fetchEmergencyNotice() -> AnyPublisher<BusNoticeDto, Error>
-    func fetchShuttleBusTimetable(id: String) -> AnyPublisher<ShuttleBusTimetable, Error>
+    func searchBusInformation(requestModel: SearchBusInfoRequest) -> AnyPublisher<BusSearchDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchExpressBusTimetableList(requestModel: FetchBusTimetableRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ExpressTimetableDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchShuttleRouteList() -> AnyPublisher<ShuttleRouteDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchCityBusTimetableList(requestModel: FetchCityBusTimetableRequest) -> AnyPublisher<CityBusTimetableDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchEmergencyNotice() -> AnyPublisher<BusNoticeDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchShuttleBusTimetable(id: String) -> AnyPublisher<ShuttleBusTimetable, ErrorResponse>
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/Repository/CoreRepository.swift b/Koin/Domain/Repository/CoreRepository.swift
index 5b9e3b581..302cf557e 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/Repository/CoreRepository.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/Repository/CoreRepository.swift
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
 import Combine
 
 protocol CoreRepository {
-    func fetchVersion() -> AnyPublisher<ForceUpdateResponse, Error>
-    func fetBanner() -> AnyPublisher<BannerDto, Error>
-    func fetchClubCategories() -> AnyPublisher<ClubCategoriesDto, Error>
-    func fetchHotClubs() -> AnyPublisher<HotClubDto, Error>
+    func fetchVersion() -> AnyPublisher<ForceUpdateResponse, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetBanner() -> AnyPublisher<BannerDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchClubCategories() -> AnyPublisher<ClubCategoriesDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchHotClubs() -> AnyPublisher<HotClubDto, ErrorResponse>
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/Repository/DiningRepository.swift b/Koin/Domain/Repository/DiningRepository.swift
index e17ca6751..81e6dd847 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/Repository/DiningRepository.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/Repository/DiningRepository.swift
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import Combine
 
 protocol DiningRepository {
     func fetchDiningList(requestModel: FetchDiningListRequest) -> AnyPublisher<[DiningDto], ErrorResponse>
-    func fetchCoopShopList() -> AnyPublisher<CoopShopDto, Error>
+    func fetchCoopShopList() -> AnyPublisher<CoopShopDto, ErrorResponse>
     func diningLike(requestModel: DiningLikeRequest, isLiked: Bool) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse>
     func shareMenuList(shareModel: ShareDiningMenu)
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/Repository/LandRepository.swift b/Koin/Domain/Repository/LandRepository.swift
index 4dc2019be..7ccb2aa41 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/Repository/LandRepository.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/Repository/LandRepository.swift
@@ -8,6 +8,6 @@
 import Combine
 
 protocol LandRepository {
-    func fetchLandList() -> AnyPublisher<LandDto, Error>
-    func fetchLandDetail(requestModel: FetchLandDetailRequest) -> AnyPublisher<LandDetailDto, Error>
+    func fetchLandList() -> AnyPublisher<LandDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchLandDetail(requestModel: FetchLandDetailRequest) -> AnyPublisher<LandDetailDto, ErrorResponse>
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/Repository/LostItemRepository.swift b/Koin/Domain/Repository/LostItemRepository.swift
index bbf04ad51..1b7092181 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/Repository/LostItemRepository.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/Repository/LostItemRepository.swift
@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ import Foundation
 import Combine
 
 protocol LostItemRepository {
-    func fetchLostItemList(requestModel: FetchLostItemListRequest) -> AnyPublisher<LostItemList, Error>
-    func fetchLostItemData(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<LostItemData, Error>
+    func fetchLostItemList(requestModel: FetchLostItemListRequest) -> AnyPublisher<LostItemList, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchLostItemData(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<LostItemData, ErrorResponse>
     func changeLostItemState(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse>
-    func deleteLostItem(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, Error>
+    func deleteLostItem(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse>
     func updateLostItem(id: Int, requestModel: UpdateLostItemRequest) -> AnyPublisher<LostItemData, ErrorResponse>
-    func fetchLostItemStats() -> AnyPublisher<LostItemStats, Error>
+    func fetchLostItemStats() -> AnyPublisher<LostItemStats, ErrorResponse>
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/Repository/NoticeListRepository.swift b/Koin/Domain/Repository/NoticeListRepository.swift
index fb36f658c..2f38c0f18 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/Repository/NoticeListRepository.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/Repository/NoticeListRepository.swift
@@ -9,15 +9,15 @@ import Combine
 import Foundation
 
 protocol NoticeListRepository {
-    func fetchNoticeArticles(requestModel: FetchNoticeArticlesRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, Error>
-    func searchNoticeArticle(requestModel: SearchNoticeArticleRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, Error>
-    func fetchLostItemArticles(requestModel: FetchLostItemsRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, Error>
-    func fetchNoticeData(requestModel: FetchNoticeDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeArticleDto, Error>
-    func fetchHotNoticeArticle() -> AnyPublisher<[NoticeArticleDto], Error>
+    func fetchNoticeArticles(requestModel: FetchNoticeArticlesRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func searchNoticeArticle(requestModel: SearchNoticeArticleRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchLostItemArticles(requestModel: FetchLostItemsRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchNoticeData(requestModel: FetchNoticeDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeArticleDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchHotNoticeArticle() -> AnyPublisher<[NoticeArticleDto], ErrorResponse>
     func createNotificationKeyword(requestModel: NoticeKeywordDto) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeKeywordDto, ErrorResponse>
     func deleteNotificationKeyword(requestModel: NoticeKeywordDto) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse>
     func fetchNotificationKeyword() -> AnyPublisher<NoticeKeywordsFetchResult, ErrorResponse>
-    func fetchRecommendedKeyword(count: Int?) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeRecommendedKeywordDto, Error>
+    func fetchRecommendedKeyword(count: Int?) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeRecommendedKeywordDto, ErrorResponse>
     func downloadNoticeAttachment(downloadUrl: String, fileName: String) -> AnyPublisher<URL?, ErrorResponse>
     func manageRecentSearchedWord(name: String, date: Date, actionType: Int)
     func fetchRecentSearchedWord() -> [RecentSearchedWordInfo]
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/Repository/ShopRepository.swift b/Koin/Domain/Repository/ShopRepository.swift
index 16bf5e731..282777e28 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/Repository/ShopRepository.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/Repository/ShopRepository.swift
@@ -9,15 +9,15 @@ import Combine
 import Foundation
 
 protocol ShopRepository {
-    func fetchShopSummary(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<ShopSummaryDto, Error>
-    func fetchShopList(requestModel: FetchShopListRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ShopsDto, Error>
-    func fetchEventList() -> AnyPublisher<EventsDto, Error>
-    func fetchShopCategoryList() -> AnyPublisher<ShopCategoryDto, Error>
-    func fetchShopMenusCategoryList(shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<ShopMenusCategoryDto, Error>
+    func fetchShopSummary(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<ShopSummaryDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchShopList(requestModel: FetchShopListRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ShopsDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchEventList() -> AnyPublisher<EventsDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchShopCategoryList() -> AnyPublisher<ShopCategoryDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchShopMenusCategoryList(shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<ShopMenusCategoryDto, ErrorResponse>
     
-    func fetchShopData(requestModel: FetchShopDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ShopDataDto, Error>
-    func fetchShopMenuList(requestModel: FetchShopDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<MenuDto, Error>
-    func fetchShopEventList(requestModel: FetchShopDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<EventsDto, Error>
+    func fetchShopData(requestModel: FetchShopDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ShopDataDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchShopMenuList(requestModel: FetchShopDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<MenuDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchShopEventList(requestModel: FetchShopDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<EventsDto, ErrorResponse>
     
     func fetchReviewList(requestModel: FetchShopReviewRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ReviewsDto, ErrorResponse>
     func fetchReview(reviewId: Int, shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<OneReviewDto, ErrorResponse>
@@ -26,12 +26,12 @@ protocol ShopRepository {
     func modifyReview(requestModel: WriteReviewRequest, reviewId: Int, shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse>
     func deleteReview(reviewId: Int, shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse>
     func reportReview(requestModel: ReportReviewRequest, reviewId: Int, shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse>
-    func fetchShopBenefits() -> AnyPublisher<ShopBenefitsDto, Error>
-    func fetchBeneficialShops(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<ShopsDto, Error>
-    func searchRelatedQuery(text: String) -> AnyPublisher<RelatedKeywordsDto, Error>
+    func fetchShopBenefits() -> AnyPublisher<ShopBenefitsDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchBeneficialShops(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<ShopsDto, ErrorResponse>
+    func searchRelatedQuery(text: String) -> AnyPublisher<RelatedKeywordsDto, ErrorResponse>
     
     func uploadFiles(files: [Data]) -> AnyPublisher<FileUploadResponse, ErrorResponse>
     func postCallNotification(shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse>
-    func fetchSearchShop(requestModel: FetchShopSearchRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ShopSearch, Error>
+    func fetchSearchShop(requestModel: FetchShopSearchRequest) -> AnyPublisher<ShopSearch, ErrorResponse>
 }
 
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/Repository/TimetableRepository.swift b/Koin/Domain/Repository/TimetableRepository.swift
index 56a9011ca..ac8eddec8 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/Repository/TimetableRepository.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/Repository/TimetableRepository.swift
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import Combine
 
 protocol TimetableRepository {
-    func fetchDeptList() -> AnyPublisher<[DeptDto], Error>
+    func fetchDeptList() -> AnyPublisher<[DeptDto], ErrorResponse>
     func fetchFrame(semester: String) -> AnyPublisher<[FrameDto], ErrorResponse>
     func deleteFrame(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse>
     func createFrame(semester: String) -> AnyPublisher<FrameDto, ErrorResponse>
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ protocol TimetableRepository {
     func modifyLecture(request: LectureRequest) -> AnyPublisher<LectureDto, ErrorResponse>
     func postLecture(request: LectureRequest) -> AnyPublisher<LectureDto, ErrorResponse>
     func fetchMySemester() -> AnyPublisher<MySemesterDto, ErrorResponse>
-    func fetchLectureList(semester: String) -> AnyPublisher<[SemesterLecture], Error>
-    func fetchSemester() -> AnyPublisher<[SemesterDto], Error>
+    func fetchLectureList(semester: String) -> AnyPublisher<[SemesterLecture], ErrorResponse>
+    func fetchSemester() -> AnyPublisher<[SemesterDto], ErrorResponse>
     func deleteLecture(frameId: Int, lectureId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse>
     func deleteSemester(semester: String) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse>
     func deleteLecture(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse>
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/Repository/UserRepository.swift b/Koin/Domain/Repository/UserRepository.swift
index ffc58febe..871656779 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/Repository/UserRepository.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/Repository/UserRepository.swift
@@ -12,11 +12,9 @@ protocol UserRepository {
     func modify(requestModel: UserPutRequest) -> AnyPublisher<UserDto, ErrorResponse>
     func register(requestModel: UserRegisterRequest) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse>
     func login(requestModel: LoginRequest) -> AnyPublisher<TokenDto, ErrorResponse>
-    func logout() -> AnyPublisher<String, Error>
     func findPassword(requestModel: FindPasswordRequest) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse>
     func checkDuplicatedPhoneNumber(requestModel: CheckDuplicatedPhoneNumberRequest) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse>
     func checkDuplicatedNickname(requestModel: CheckDuplicatedNicknameRequest) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse>
-    func checkDuplicatedEmail(email: String) -> AnyPublisher<String, Error>
     func revoke() -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse>
     func checkPassword(requestModel: CheckPasswordRequest) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse>
     func checkAuth() -> AnyPublisher<UserTypeResponse, ErrorResponse>
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Bus/FetchCityBusTimetableUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Bus/FetchCityBusTimetableUseCase.swift
index 5be6a7201..fafa4b963 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Bus/FetchCityBusTimetableUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Bus/FetchCityBusTimetableUseCase.swift
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import Combine
 
 protocol FetchCityBusTimetableUseCase {
-    func execute(firstFilterIdx: Int, secondFilterIdx: Int) -> AnyPublisher<(BusTimetableInfo, String), Error>
+    func execute(firstFilterIdx: Int, secondFilterIdx: Int) -> AnyPublisher<(BusTimetableInfo, String), ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultFetchCityBusTimetableUseCase: FetchCityBusTimetableUseCase {
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ final class DefaultFetchCityBusTimetableUseCase: FetchCityBusTimetableUseCase {
         self.busRepository = busRepository
     }
     
-    func execute(firstFilterIdx: Int, secondFilterIdx: Int) -> AnyPublisher<(BusTimetableInfo, String), Error> {
+    func execute(firstFilterIdx: Int, secondFilterIdx: Int) -> AnyPublisher<(BusTimetableInfo, String), ErrorResponse> {
         var busCourses: [CityBusCourseInfo] = []
         if firstFilterIdx == 0 {
             busCourses = setToCityBusCourses()
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Bus/FetchEmergencyNoticeUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Bus/FetchEmergencyNoticeUseCase.swift
index 770ff380f..bc1f94225 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Bus/FetchEmergencyNoticeUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Bus/FetchEmergencyNoticeUseCase.swift
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import Combine
 import Foundation
 
 protocol FetchEmergencyNoticeUseCase {
-    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<BusNoticeDto, Error>
+    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<BusNoticeDto, ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultFetchEmergencyNoticeUseCase: FetchEmergencyNoticeUseCase {
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ final class DefaultFetchEmergencyNoticeUseCase: FetchEmergencyNoticeUseCase {
         self.repository = repository
     }
     
-    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<BusNoticeDto, Error> {
+    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<BusNoticeDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return repository.fetchEmergencyNotice().eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Bus/FetchExpressTimetableUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Bus/FetchExpressTimetableUseCase.swift
index a6870b698..f4e6d2767 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Bus/FetchExpressTimetableUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Bus/FetchExpressTimetableUseCase.swift
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import Combine
 
 protocol FetchExpressTimetableUseCase {
-    func execute(filterIdx: Int) -> AnyPublisher<(BusTimetableInfo, BusDirection), Error>
+    func execute(filterIdx: Int) -> AnyPublisher<(BusTimetableInfo, BusDirection), ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultFetchExpressTimetableUseCase: FetchExpressTimetableUseCase {
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ final class DefaultFetchExpressTimetableUseCase: FetchExpressTimetableUseCase {
         self.busRepository = busRepository
     }
     
-    func execute(filterIdx: Int) -> AnyPublisher<(BusTimetableInfo, BusDirection), Error> {
+    func execute(filterIdx: Int) -> AnyPublisher<(BusTimetableInfo, BusDirection), ErrorResponse> {
         let busCourse = setBusFilter()[filterIdx]
         let busDirection: BusDirection = filterIdx == 0 ? .from : .to
         let requestModel = FetchBusTimetableRequest(busType: busCourse.busType.rawValue, direction: busCourse.direction.rawValue, region: busCourse.region)
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Bus/FetchShuttleBusRoutesUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Bus/FetchShuttleBusRoutesUseCase.swift
index f39e35a02..52ae63498 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Bus/FetchShuttleBusRoutesUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Bus/FetchShuttleBusRoutesUseCase.swift
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import Combine
 
 protocol FetchShuttleBusRoutesUseCase {
-    func execute(busRouteType: ShuttleRouteType) -> AnyPublisher<ShuttleRouteDto, Error>
+    func execute(busRouteType: ShuttleRouteType) -> AnyPublisher<ShuttleRouteDto, ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultFetchShuttleBusRoutesUseCase: FetchShuttleBusRoutesUseCase {
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ final class DefaultFetchShuttleBusRoutesUseCase: FetchShuttleBusRoutesUseCase {
         self.busRepository = busRepository
     }
     
-    func execute(busRouteType: ShuttleRouteType) -> AnyPublisher<ShuttleRouteDto, Error> {
+    func execute(busRouteType: ShuttleRouteType) -> AnyPublisher<ShuttleRouteDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return busRepository.fetchShuttleRouteList().map { [weak self] routeList in
             return self?.filterByShuttleRouteType(busTimetableInfo: routeList, shuttleRouteType: busRouteType) ?? ShuttleRouteDto(routeRegions: [], semesterInfo: SemesterInfo(name: "", from: "", to: ""))
         }.eraseToAnyPublisher()
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Bus/FetchShuttleBusTimetableUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Bus/FetchShuttleBusTimetableUseCase.swift
index 0d0f15ea8..bea09d988 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Bus/FetchShuttleBusTimetableUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Bus/FetchShuttleBusTimetableUseCase.swift
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import Combine
 
 protocol FetchShuttleBusTimetableUseCase {
-    func execute(id: String) -> AnyPublisher<ShuttleBusTimetable, Error>
+    func execute(id: String) -> AnyPublisher<ShuttleBusTimetable, ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultFetchShuttleBusTimetableUseCase: FetchShuttleBusTimetableUseCase {
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ final class DefaultFetchShuttleBusTimetableUseCase: FetchShuttleBusTimetableUseC
         self.repository = repository
     }
     
-    func execute(id: String) -> AnyPublisher<ShuttleBusTimetable, Error> {
+    func execute(id: String) -> AnyPublisher<ShuttleBusTimetable, ErrorResponse> {
         return repository.fetchShuttleBusTimetable(id: id)
     }
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Bus/SearchBusInfoUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Bus/SearchBusInfoUseCase.swift
index f4b55ab41..30094fcf9 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Bus/SearchBusInfoUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Bus/SearchBusInfoUseCase.swift
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import Combine
 import Foundation
 
 protocol SearchBusInfoUseCase {
-    func execute(date: String, busType: BusType, departure: BusPlace, arrival: BusPlace) -> AnyPublisher<SearchBusInfoResult, Error>
+    func execute(date: String, busType: BusType, departure: BusPlace, arrival: BusPlace) -> AnyPublisher<SearchBusInfoResult, ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultSearchBusInfoUseCase: SearchBusInfoUseCase {
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ final class DefaultSearchBusInfoUseCase: SearchBusInfoUseCase {
         self.busRepository = busRepository
     }
     
-    func execute(date: String, busType: BusType, departure: BusPlace, arrival: BusPlace) -> AnyPublisher<SearchBusInfoResult, Error> {
+    func execute(date: String, busType: BusType, departure: BusPlace, arrival: BusPlace) -> AnyPublisher<SearchBusInfoResult, ErrorResponse> {
         let (departDate, departTime): (String, String) = self.processDate(date)
         let request = SearchBusInfoRequest(
             date: departDate,
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Core/CheckVersionUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Core/CheckVersionUseCase.swift
index 330daa6c1..a6f61ac9b 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Core/CheckVersionUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Core/CheckVersionUseCase.swift
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import Foundation
 
 
 protocol CheckVersionUseCase {
-    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<(Bool, String), Error>
+    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<(Bool, String), ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultCheckVersionUseCase: CheckVersionUseCase {
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ final class DefaultCheckVersionUseCase: CheckVersionUseCase {
         self.coreRepository = coreRepository
     }
     
-    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<(Bool, String), Error> {
+    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<(Bool, String), ErrorResponse> {
         return coreRepository.fetchVersion()
             .map { response in
                 let currentVersion = self.checkNowVersion()  // 현재 버전 확인
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Core/FetchBannerUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Core/FetchBannerUseCase.swift
index c8e23f93a..2022975ad 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Core/FetchBannerUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Core/FetchBannerUseCase.swift
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import Combine
 import Foundation
 
 protocol FetchBannerUseCase {
-    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<BannerDto, Error>
+    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<BannerDto, ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultFetchBannerUseCase: FetchBannerUseCase {
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ final class DefaultFetchBannerUseCase: FetchBannerUseCase {
         self.coreRepository = coreRepository
     }
     
-    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<BannerDto, Error> {
+    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<BannerDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return coreRepository.fetBanner()
     }
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Core/FetchClubCategoriesUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Core/FetchClubCategoriesUseCase.swift
index 0284d249e..d713cb7f2 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Core/FetchClubCategoriesUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Core/FetchClubCategoriesUseCase.swift
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import Combine
 import Foundation
 
 protocol FetchClubCategoriesUseCase {
-    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<ClubCategoriesDto, Error>
+    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<ClubCategoriesDto, ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultFetchClubCategoriesUseCase: FetchClubCategoriesUseCase {
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ final class DefaultFetchClubCategoriesUseCase: FetchClubCategoriesUseCase {
         self.coreRepository = coreRepository
     }
     
-    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<ClubCategoriesDto, Error> {
+    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<ClubCategoriesDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return coreRepository.fetchClubCategories()
     }
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Core/FetchHotClubsUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Core/FetchHotClubsUseCase.swift
index 865f0c7d6..b94c7352e 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Core/FetchHotClubsUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Core/FetchHotClubsUseCase.swift
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import Combine
 import Foundation
 
 protocol FetchHotClubsUseCase {
-    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<HotClubDto, Error>
+    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<HotClubDto, ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultFetchHotClubsUseCase: FetchHotClubsUseCase {
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ final class DefaultFetchHotClubsUseCase: FetchHotClubsUseCase {
         self.coreRepository = coreRepository
     }
     
-    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<HotClubDto, Error> {
+    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<HotClubDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return coreRepository.fetchHotClubs()
     }
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Dining/FetchCoopShopListUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Dining/FetchCoopShopListUseCase.swift
index 02bf2e1bd..2c9735cd4 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Dining/FetchCoopShopListUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Dining/FetchCoopShopListUseCase.swift
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import Combine
 import Foundation
 
 protocol FetchCoopShopListUseCase {
-    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<CoopShopData, Error>
+    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<CoopShopData, ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultFetchCoopShopListUseCase: FetchCoopShopListUseCase {
@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ final class DefaultFetchCoopShopListUseCase: FetchCoopShopListUseCase {
         self.diningRepository = diningRepository
     }
     
-    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<CoopShopData, Error> {
+    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<CoopShopData, ErrorResponse> {
         return diningRepository.fetchCoopShopList()
-            .tryMap { coopShopDtos -> CoopShopData in
+            .map { coopShopDtos -> CoopShopData in
                 return coopShopDtos.toDomain()
             }
             .eraseToAnyPublisher()
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Land/FetchLandDetailUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Land/FetchLandDetailUseCase.swift
index 0872d877f..d26ec2d59 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Land/FetchLandDetailUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Land/FetchLandDetailUseCase.swift
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import Combine
 
 protocol FetchLandDetailUseCase {
-    func execute(landId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<LandDetailItem, Error>
+    func execute(landId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<LandDetailItem, ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultFetchLandDetailUseCase: FetchLandDetailUseCase {
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ final class DefaultFetchLandDetailUseCase: FetchLandDetailUseCase {
         self.landRepository = landRepository
     }
     
-    func execute(landId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<LandDetailItem, Error> {
+    func execute(landId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<LandDetailItem, ErrorResponse> {
         return landRepository.fetchLandDetail(requestModel: FetchLandDetailRequest(id: landId)).map { landDetailDto in
             landDetailDto.toDomain()
         }.eraseToAnyPublisher()
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Land/FetchLandListUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Land/FetchLandListUseCase.swift
index 98795eac6..1800c6764 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Land/FetchLandListUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Land/FetchLandListUseCase.swift
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import Combine
 
 protocol FetchLandListUseCase {
-    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<[LandItem], Error>
+    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<[LandItem], ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultFetchLandListUseCase: FetchLandListUseCase {
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ final class DefaultFetchLandListUseCase: FetchLandListUseCase {
         self.landRepository = landRepository
     }
     
-    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<[LandItem], Error> {
+    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<[LandItem], ErrorResponse> {
         return landRepository.fetchLandList().map { landDto in
             landDto.lands?.map { $0.toDomain() } ?? []
         }.eraseToAnyPublisher()
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/LostItem/DeleteLostItemUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/LostItem/DeleteLostItemUseCase.swift
index f6b43d9e9..1bf1c1813 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/LostItem/DeleteLostItemUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/LostItem/DeleteLostItemUseCase.swift
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import Foundation
 import Combine
 
 protocol DeleteLostItemUseCase {
-    func execute(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, Error>
+    func execute(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultDeleteLostItemUseCase: DeleteLostItemUseCase {
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ final class DefaultDeleteLostItemUseCase: DeleteLostItemUseCase {
         self.repository = repository
     }
     
-    func execute(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, Error> {
+    func execute(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<Void, ErrorResponse> {
         repository.deleteLostItem(id: id)
     }
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/LostItem/FetchLostItemDataUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/LostItem/FetchLostItemDataUseCase.swift
index d9334e248..b1aaa0aa4 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/LostItem/FetchLostItemDataUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/LostItem/FetchLostItemDataUseCase.swift
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import Foundation
 import Combine
 
 protocol FetchLostItemDataUseCase {
-    func execute(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<LostItemData, Error>
+    func execute(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<LostItemData, ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultFetchLostItemDataUseCase: FetchLostItemDataUseCase {
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ final class DefaultFetchLostItemDataUseCase: FetchLostItemDataUseCase {
         self.repository = repository
     }
     
-    func execute(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<LostItemData, Error> {
+    func execute(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<LostItemData, ErrorResponse> {
         return repository.fetchLostItemData(id: id)
     }
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/LostItem/FetchLostItemListUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/LostItem/FetchLostItemListUseCase.swift
index 2e69e4e70..516a0a014 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/LostItem/FetchLostItemListUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/LostItem/FetchLostItemListUseCase.swift
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import Foundation
 import Combine
 
 protocol FetchLostItemListUseCase {
-    func execute(requestModel: FetchLostItemListRequest) -> AnyPublisher<LostItemList, Error>
+    func execute(requestModel: FetchLostItemListRequest) -> AnyPublisher<LostItemList, ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultFetchLostItemListUseCase: FetchLostItemListUseCase {
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ final class DefaultFetchLostItemListUseCase: FetchLostItemListUseCase {
         self.repository = repository
     }
     
-    func execute(requestModel: FetchLostItemListRequest) -> AnyPublisher<LostItemList, Error> {
+    func execute(requestModel: FetchLostItemListRequest) -> AnyPublisher<LostItemList, ErrorResponse> {
         return repository.fetchLostItemList(requestModel: requestModel)
     }
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/LostItem/FetchLostItemStats.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/LostItem/FetchLostItemStats.swift
index d763377a4..bd95174df 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/LostItem/FetchLostItemStats.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/LostItem/FetchLostItemStats.swift
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import Foundation
 import Combine
 
 protocol FetchLostItemStatsUseCase {
-    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<LostItemStats, Error>
+    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<LostItemStats, ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultFetchLostItemStatsUseCase: FetchLostItemStatsUseCase {
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ final class DefaultFetchLostItemStatsUseCase: FetchLostItemStatsUseCase {
         self.repository = repository
     }
     
-    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<LostItemStats, Error> {
+    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<LostItemStats, ErrorResponse> {
         return repository.fetchLostItemStats()
     }
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/NoticeList/FetchHotNoticeArticlesUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/NoticeList/FetchHotNoticeArticlesUseCase.swift
index 455e92018..ac58a0176 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/NoticeList/FetchHotNoticeArticlesUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/NoticeList/FetchHotNoticeArticlesUseCase.swift
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import Combine
 import Foundation
 
 protocol FetchHotNoticeArticlesUseCase {
-    func execute(noticeId: Int?) -> AnyPublisher<[NoticeArticleDto], Error>
+    func execute(noticeId: Int?) -> AnyPublisher<[NoticeArticleDto], ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultFetchHotNoticeArticlesUseCase: FetchHotNoticeArticlesUseCase {
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ final class DefaultFetchHotNoticeArticlesUseCase: FetchHotNoticeArticlesUseCase
         self.noticeListRepository = noticeListRepository
     }
     
-    func execute(noticeId: Int? = nil) -> AnyPublisher<[NoticeArticleDto], Error> {
+    func execute(noticeId: Int? = nil) -> AnyPublisher<[NoticeArticleDto], ErrorResponse> {
         return noticeListRepository.fetchHotNoticeArticle()
             .map { noticeArticles in
                 var filteredArticles: [NoticeArticleDto]
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/NoticeList/FetchHotSearchingKeywordUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/NoticeList/FetchHotSearchingKeywordUseCase.swift
index ff8b56a8e..fa214bd8c 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/NoticeList/FetchHotSearchingKeywordUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/NoticeList/FetchHotSearchingKeywordUseCase.swift
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import Combine
 
 protocol FetchHotSearchingKeywordUseCase {
-    func execute(count: Int) -> AnyPublisher<[String], Error>
+    func execute(count: Int) -> AnyPublisher<[String], ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultFetchHotSearchingKeywordUseCase: FetchHotSearchingKeywordUseCase {
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ final class DefaultFetchHotSearchingKeywordUseCase: FetchHotSearchingKeywordUseC
         self.noticeListRepository = noticeListRepository
     }
     
-    func execute(count: Int) -> AnyPublisher<[String], Error> {
+    func execute(count: Int) -> AnyPublisher<[String], ErrorResponse> {
         return noticeListRepository.fetchRecommendedKeyword(count: count).map { keywords in
             return keywords.keywords.map { keyword in
                 "#\(keyword)"
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/NoticeList/FetchNoticeArticlesUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/NoticeList/FetchNoticeArticlesUseCase.swift
index 198626ac3..d0aa4da48 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/NoticeList/FetchNoticeArticlesUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/NoticeList/FetchNoticeArticlesUseCase.swift
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import Combine
 import Foundation
 
 protocol FetchNoticeArticlesUseCase {
-    func execute(boardId: Int?, keyWord: String?, page: Int, type: LostItemType?) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeArticlesInfo, Error>
+    func execute(boardId: Int?, keyWord: String?, page: Int, type: LostItemType?) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeArticlesInfo, ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultFetchNoticeArticlesUseCase: FetchNoticeArticlesUseCase {
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ final class DefaultFetchNoticeArticlesUseCase: FetchNoticeArticlesUseCase {
         self.noticeListRepository = noticeListRepository
     }
     
-    func execute(boardId: Int?, keyWord: String?, page: Int, type: LostItemType? = nil) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeArticlesInfo, Error> {
-        let response: AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, Error>
+    func execute(boardId: Int?, keyWord: String?, page: Int, type: LostItemType? = nil) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeArticlesInfo, ErrorResponse> {
+        let response: AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, ErrorResponse>
         
         if let keyWord = keyWord { // 키워드로 검색해서 찾을 경우
             let searchRequest = SearchNoticeArticleRequest(query: keyWord, boardId: boardId, page: page, limit: maxArticleListNumber)
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ final class DefaultFetchNoticeArticlesUseCase: FetchNoticeArticlesUseCase {
             response = noticeListRepository.fetchNoticeArticles(requestModel: fetchRequest)
         } else { // boardId는 꼭 필요하기 때문에 없다면 빈 배열을 반환
             response = Just(NoticeListDto(articles: [], totalCount: 0, currentCount: 0, totalPage: 0, currentPage: 0))
-                .setFailureType(to: Error.self)
+                .setFailureType(to: ErrorResponse.self)
                 .eraseToAnyPublisher()
         }
         
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/NoticeList/FetchNoticeDataUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/NoticeList/FetchNoticeDataUseCase.swift
index ff426dac6..6a9d78dc4 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/NoticeList/FetchNoticeDataUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/NoticeList/FetchNoticeDataUseCase.swift
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import Combine
 import Foundation
 
 protocol FetchNoticeDataUseCase {
-    func execute(request: FetchNoticeDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeDataInfo, Error>
+    func execute(request: FetchNoticeDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeDataInfo, ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultFetchNoticeDataUseCase: FetchNoticeDataUseCase {
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ final class DefaultFetchNoticeDataUseCase: FetchNoticeDataUseCase {
         self.noticeListRepository = noticeListRepository
     }
     
-    func execute(request: FetchNoticeDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeDataInfo, Error> {
+    func execute(request: FetchNoticeDataRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeDataInfo, ErrorResponse> {
         return noticeListRepository.fetchNoticeData(requestModel: request).map { data in
             data.toDomainWithChangedDate().toDomain()
         }.eraseToAnyPublisher()
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/NoticeList/FetchRecommendedKeywordUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/NoticeList/FetchRecommendedKeywordUseCase.swift
index 1081cc356..251a849b0 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/NoticeList/FetchRecommendedKeywordUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/NoticeList/FetchRecommendedKeywordUseCase.swift
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import Combine
 
 protocol FetchRecommendedKeywordUseCase {
-    func execute(filters: [NoticeKeywordDto]) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeRecommendedKeywordDto, Error>
+    func execute(filters: [NoticeKeywordDto]) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeRecommendedKeywordDto, ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultFetchRecommendedKeywordUseCase: FetchRecommendedKeywordUseCase {
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ final class DefaultFetchRecommendedKeywordUseCase: FetchRecommendedKeywordUseCas
         self.noticeListRepository = noticeListRepository
     }
     
-    func execute(filters: [NoticeKeywordDto]) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeRecommendedKeywordDto, Error> {
+    func execute(filters: [NoticeKeywordDto]) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeRecommendedKeywordDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return noticeListRepository.fetchRecommendedKeyword(count: nil)
             .map { recommendedKeywordDto in
                 let filteredKeywords = recommendedKeywordDto.keywords.filter { keyword in
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/NoticeList/SearchNoticeArticlesUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/NoticeList/SearchNoticeArticlesUseCase.swift
index a3a0c4d56..0e5f6cbeb 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/NoticeList/SearchNoticeArticlesUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/NoticeList/SearchNoticeArticlesUseCase.swift
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import Combine
 import Foundation
 
 protocol SearchNoticeArticlesUseCase {
-    func execute(requestModel: SearchNoticeArticleRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, Error>
+    func execute(requestModel: SearchNoticeArticleRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultSearchNoticeArticlesUseCase: SearchNoticeArticlesUseCase {
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ final class DefaultSearchNoticeArticlesUseCase: SearchNoticeArticlesUseCase {
         self.noticeRepository = noticeRepository
     }
     
-    func execute(requestModel: SearchNoticeArticleRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, Error> {
+    func execute(requestModel: SearchNoticeArticleRequest) -> AnyPublisher<NoticeListDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return noticeRepository.searchNoticeArticle(requestModel: requestModel).map { $0.toDomain() }.eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchBeneficialShopUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchBeneficialShopUseCase.swift
index b6c235150..3e5f31b3b 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchBeneficialShopUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchBeneficialShopUseCase.swift
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import Combine
 
 protocol FetchBeneficialShopUseCase {
-    func execute(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<[Shop], Error>
+    func execute(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<[Shop], ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultFetchBeneficialShopUseCase: FetchBeneficialShopUseCase {
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ final class DefaultFetchBeneficialShopUseCase: FetchBeneficialShopUseCase {
         self.shopRepository = shopRepository
     }
 
-    func execute(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<[Shop], Error> {
+    func execute(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<[Shop], ErrorResponse> {
         return shopRepository.fetchBeneficialShops(id: id)
             .map { $0.toDomain() }  
             .eraseToAnyPublisher()
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchEventListUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchEventListUseCase.swift
index bd7cfa63a..32635252f 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchEventListUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchEventListUseCase.swift
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import Combine
 
 protocol FetchEventListUseCase {
-    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<EventsDto, Error>
+    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<EventsDto, ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultFetchEventListUseCase: FetchEventListUseCase {
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ final class DefaultFetchEventListUseCase: FetchEventListUseCase {
       self.shopRepository = shopRepository
     }
     
-    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<EventsDto, Error> {
+    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<EventsDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return shopRepository.fetchEventList()
     }
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchOrderShopDetailFromShopUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchOrderShopDetailFromShopUseCase.swift
index 00aaa1759..de7a26e8a 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchOrderShopDetailFromShopUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchOrderShopDetailFromShopUseCase.swift
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import Foundation
 import Combine
 
 protocol FetchOrderShopDetailFromShopUseCase {
-    func execute(shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<OrderShopDetail, Error>
+    func execute(shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<OrderShopDetail, ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultFetchOrderShopDetailFromShopUseCase: FetchOrderShopDetailFromShopUseCase {
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ final class DefaultFetchOrderShopDetailFromShopUseCase: FetchOrderShopDetailFrom
         self.repository = repository
     }
     
-    func execute(shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<OrderShopDetail, Error> {
+    func execute(shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<OrderShopDetail, ErrorResponse> {
         repository.fetchShopData(requestModel: FetchShopDataRequest(shopId: shopId)).map { shopDataDto in
             return OrderShopDetail(from: shopDataDto)
         }.eraseToAnyPublisher()
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchOrderShopMenusAndGroupsFromShopUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchOrderShopMenusAndGroupsFromShopUseCase.swift
index 240c64476..deee025f3 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchOrderShopMenusAndGroupsFromShopUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchOrderShopMenusAndGroupsFromShopUseCase.swift
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import Combine
 
 protocol FetchOrderShopMenusAndGroupsFromShopUseCase {
-    func execute(shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<(OrderShopMenusGroups, [OrderShopMenus]), Error>
+    func execute(shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<(OrderShopMenusGroups, [OrderShopMenus]), ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultFetchOrderShopMenusAndGroupsFromShopUseCase: FetchOrderShopMenusAndGroupsFromShopUseCase {
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ final class DefaultFetchOrderShopMenusAndGroupsFromShopUseCase: FetchOrderShopMe
         self.shopRepository = shopRepository
     }
     
-    func execute(shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<(OrderShopMenusGroups, [OrderShopMenus]), Error> {
+    func execute(shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<(OrderShopMenusGroups, [OrderShopMenus]), ErrorResponse> {
         return shopRepository.fetchShopMenuList(requestModel: FetchShopDataRequest(shopId: shopId)).map { menuDto in
             let orderShopMenus: [OrderShopMenus] = (menuDto.menuCategories ?? []).map {
                 OrderShopMenus(from: $0)
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchOrderShopSummaryFromShopUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchOrderShopSummaryFromShopUseCase.swift
index 500cef881..30e9374be 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchOrderShopSummaryFromShopUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchOrderShopSummaryFromShopUseCase.swift
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import Combine
 
 protocol FetchOrderShopSummaryFromShopUseCase {
-    func execute(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<OrderShopSummary, Error>
+    func execute(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<OrderShopSummary, ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultFetchOrderShopSummaryFromShopUseCase: FetchOrderShopSummaryFromShopUseCase {
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ final class DefaultFetchOrderShopSummaryFromShopUseCase: FetchOrderShopSummaryFr
         self.repository = repository
     }
     
-    func execute(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<OrderShopSummary, Error> {
+    func execute(id: Int) -> AnyPublisher<OrderShopSummary, ErrorResponse> {
         return repository.fetchShopSummary(id: id)
             .map { shopSummaryDto in
                 return OrderShopSummary(from: shopSummaryDto, shopId: id)
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchSearchShopUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchSearchShopUseCase.swift
index 2796672d3..5a0f3c264 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchSearchShopUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchSearchShopUseCase.swift
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import Foundation
 import Combine
 
 protocol FetchSearchShopUseCase {
-    func execute(keyword: String) -> AnyPublisher<ShopSearch, Error>
+    func execute(keyword: String) -> AnyPublisher<ShopSearch, ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultFetchSearchShopUseCase: FetchSearchShopUseCase {
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ final class DefaultFetchSearchShopUseCase: FetchSearchShopUseCase {
         self.repository = repository
     }
     
-    func execute(keyword: String) -> AnyPublisher<ShopSearch, Error> {
+    func execute(keyword: String) -> AnyPublisher<ShopSearch, ErrorResponse> {
         let requestModel = FetchShopSearchRequest(keyword: keyword)
         return repository.fetchSearchShop(requestModel: requestModel)
     }
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchShopBenefitUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchShopBenefitUseCase.swift
index 831347124..8b435d2c6 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchShopBenefitUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchShopBenefitUseCase.swift
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import Combine
 
 protocol FetchShopBenefitUseCase {
-    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<ShopBenefitsDto, Error>
+    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<ShopBenefitsDto, ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultFetchShopBenefitUseCase: FetchShopBenefitUseCase {
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ final class DefaultFetchShopBenefitUseCase: FetchShopBenefitUseCase {
         self.shopRepository = shopRepository
     }
     
-    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<ShopBenefitsDto, Error> {
+    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<ShopBenefitsDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return shopRepository.fetchShopBenefits()
     }
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchShopCategoryListUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchShopCategoryListUseCase.swift
index 1dd961e6c..b16a87b8f 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchShopCategoryListUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchShopCategoryListUseCase.swift
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import Combine
 
 protocol FetchShopCategoryListUseCase {
-    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<ShopCategoryDto, Error>
+    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<ShopCategoryDto, ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultFetchShopCategoryListUseCase: FetchShopCategoryListUseCase {
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ final class DefaultFetchShopCategoryListUseCase: FetchShopCategoryListUseCase {
       self.shopRepository = shopRepository
     }
     
-    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<ShopCategoryDto, Error> {
+    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<ShopCategoryDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return shopRepository.fetchShopCategoryList()
             .map { shopCategoryDto in
                 return self.removeFirstCategory(in: shopCategoryDto)
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchShopDataUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchShopDataUseCase.swift
index 545db0f89..b5c2d2cc2 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchShopDataUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchShopDataUseCase.swift
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import Combine
 
 protocol FetchShopDataUseCase {
-    func execute(shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<ShopData, Error>
+    func execute(shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<ShopData, ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultFetchShopDataUseCase: FetchShopDataUseCase {
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ final class DefaultFetchShopDataUseCase: FetchShopDataUseCase {
         self.shopRepository = shopRepository
     }
     
-    func execute(shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<ShopData, Error> {
+    func execute(shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<ShopData, ErrorResponse> {
         return shopRepository.fetchShopData(requestModel: FetchShopDataRequest(shopId: shopId)).map { shopDataDto in
             shopDataDto.toDomain()
         }.eraseToAnyPublisher()
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchShopEventListUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchShopEventListUseCase.swift
index 77903a9cf..9bd9ac11c 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchShopEventListUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchShopEventListUseCase.swift
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import Combine
 
 protocol FetchShopEventListUseCase {
-    func execute(shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<[ShopEvent], Error>
+    func execute(shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<[ShopEvent], ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultFetchShopEventListUseCase: FetchShopEventListUseCase {
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ final class DefaultFetchShopEventListUseCase: FetchShopEventListUseCase {
         self.shopRepository = shopRepository
     }
     
-    func execute(shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<[ShopEvent], Error> {
+    func execute(shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<[ShopEvent], ErrorResponse> {
         return shopRepository.fetchShopEventList(requestModel: FetchShopDataRequest(shopId: shopId)).map { eventsDto in
              eventsDto.events ?? []
         }.map { events in
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchShopListUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchShopListUseCase.swift
index 7a13a6238..22b061c64 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchShopListUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchShopListUseCase.swift
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import Combine
 
 protocol FetchShopListUseCase {
-    func execute(requestModel: FetchShopListRequest) -> AnyPublisher<[Shop], Error>
+    func execute(requestModel: FetchShopListRequest) -> AnyPublisher<[Shop], ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultFetchShopListUseCase: FetchShopListUseCase {
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ final class DefaultFetchShopListUseCase: FetchShopListUseCase {
         self.shopRepository = shopRepository
     }
     
-    func execute(requestModel: FetchShopListRequest) -> AnyPublisher<[Shop], Error> {
+    func execute(requestModel: FetchShopListRequest) -> AnyPublisher<[Shop], ErrorResponse> {
         return shopRepository.fetchShopList(requestModel: requestModel)
             .map { dto in
                 return dto.toDomain() 
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchShopMenuListUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchShopMenuListUseCase.swift
index 322fca73a..480010733 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchShopMenuListUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/FetchShopMenuListUseCase.swift
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import Combine
 
 protocol FetchShopMenuListUseCase {
-    func execute(shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<[MenuCategory], Error>
+    func execute(shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<[MenuCategory], ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultFetchShopMenuListUseCase: FetchShopMenuListUseCase {
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ final class DefaultFetchShopMenuListUseCase: FetchShopMenuListUseCase {
         self.shopRepository = shopRepository
     }
     
-    func execute(shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<[MenuCategory], Error> {
+    func execute(shopId: Int) -> AnyPublisher<[MenuCategory], ErrorResponse> {
         return shopRepository.fetchShopMenuList(requestModel: FetchShopDataRequest(shopId: shopId)).map { menuDto in
             menuDto.menuCategories ?? []
         }.eraseToAnyPublisher()
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/SearchShopUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/SearchShopUseCase.swift
index 2220082ae..5d4ad2943 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/SearchShopUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Shop/SearchShopUseCase.swift
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import Combine
 
 protocol SearchShopUseCase {
-    func execute(text: String) -> AnyPublisher<RelatedKeywordsDto, Error>
+    func execute(text: String) -> AnyPublisher<RelatedKeywordsDto, ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultSearchShopUseCase: SearchShopUseCase {
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ final class DefaultSearchShopUseCase: SearchShopUseCase {
         self.shopRepository = shopRepository
     }
     
-    func execute(text: String) -> AnyPublisher<RelatedKeywordsDto, Error> {
+    func execute(text: String) -> AnyPublisher<RelatedKeywordsDto, ErrorResponse> {
         return shopRepository.searchRelatedQuery(text: text)
     }
     
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Timetable/FetchDeptListUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Timetable/FetchDeptListUseCase.swift
index a4aacf3f5..4ca288069 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Timetable/FetchDeptListUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Timetable/FetchDeptListUseCase.swift
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import Combine
 
 protocol FetchDeptListUseCase {
-    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<[String], Error>
+    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<[String], ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultFetchDeptListUseCase: FetchDeptListUseCase {
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ final class DefaultFetchDeptListUseCase: FetchDeptListUseCase {
         self.timetableRepository = timetableRepository
     }
     
-    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<[String], Error> {
+    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<[String], ErrorResponse> {
         return timetableRepository.fetchDeptList().map { $0.map { $0.name } }.eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
     
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Timetable/FetchLectureListUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Timetable/FetchLectureListUseCase.swift
index dd41e04e1..10023abd2 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Timetable/FetchLectureListUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Timetable/FetchLectureListUseCase.swift
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import Combine
 
 protocol FetchLectureListUseCase {
-    func execute(semester: String) -> AnyPublisher<[SemesterLecture], Error>
+    func execute(semester: String) -> AnyPublisher<[SemesterLecture], ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultFetchLectureListUseCase: FetchLectureListUseCase {
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ final class DefaultFetchLectureListUseCase: FetchLectureListUseCase {
         self.timetableRepository = timetableRepository
     }
     
-    func execute(semester: String) -> AnyPublisher<[SemesterLecture], Error> {
+    func execute(semester: String) -> AnyPublisher<[SemesterLecture], ErrorResponse> {
         return timetableRepository.fetchLectureList(semester: semester)
     }
     
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Timetable/FetchSemesterUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Timetable/FetchSemesterUseCase.swift
index 5c5c446fd..3e7fd86ff 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Timetable/FetchSemesterUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/Timetable/FetchSemesterUseCase.swift
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import Combine
 
 protocol FetchSemesterUseCase {
-    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<[SemesterDto], Error>
+    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<[SemesterDto], ErrorResponse>
 }
 
 final class DefaultFetchSemesterUseCase: FetchSemesterUseCase {
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ final class DefaultFetchSemesterUseCase: FetchSemesterUseCase {
         self.timetableRepository = timetableRepository
     }
     
-    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<[SemesterDto], Error> {
+    func execute() -> AnyPublisher<[SemesterDto], ErrorResponse> {
         return timetableRepository.fetchSemester()
     }
     
diff --git a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/User/RegisterUseCase.swift b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/User/RegisterUseCase.swift
index 171482098..53b7f3b34 100644
--- a/Koin/Domain/UseCase/User/RegisterUseCase.swift
+++ b/Koin/Domain/UseCase/User/RegisterUseCase.swift
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ final class DefaultRegisterUseCase: RegisterUseCase {
             mutableRequestModel.sha256()
             return userRepository.register(requestModel: mutableRequestModel)
         case .failure(let error):
-            return Fail(error: ErrorResponse(code: "", message: error.localizedDescription))
+            return Fail(error: ErrorResponse(error))
                 .eraseToAnyPublisher()
         }
     }
diff --git a/Koin/Presentation/Bus/BusSearch/BusSearchViewModel.swift b/Koin/Presentation/Bus/BusSearch/BusSearchViewModel.swift
index 6831b9fec..6dd962cbc 100644
--- a/Koin/Presentation/Bus/BusSearch/BusSearchViewModel.swift
+++ b/Koin/Presentation/Bus/BusSearch/BusSearchViewModel.swift
@@ -64,13 +64,12 @@ extension BusSearchViewModel {
     }
     
     private func getEmergencyNotice() {
-        fetchEmergencyNoticeUseCase.execute().sink(receiveCompletion: { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        fetchEmergencyNoticeUseCase.execute().sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] notice in
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.updateEmergencyNotice(notice: notice))
             }
-        }, receiveValue: { [weak self] notice in
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.updateEmergencyNotice(notice: notice))
-        }).store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func makeLogAnalyticsEvent(label: EventLabelType, category: EventParameter.EventCategory, value: Any) {
diff --git a/Koin/Presentation/Bus/BusSearchResult/BusSearchResultViewModel.swift b/Koin/Presentation/Bus/BusSearchResult/BusSearchResultViewModel.swift
index c817fa73b..271bc17b2 100644
--- a/Koin/Presentation/Bus/BusSearchResult/BusSearchResultViewModel.swift
+++ b/Koin/Presentation/Bus/BusSearchResult/BusSearchResultViewModel.swift
@@ -74,24 +74,22 @@ extension BusSearchResultViewModel {
             self.departBusType = busType
             busTypeValue = busType
         }
-        fetchSearchedResultUseCase.execute(date: departDateValue, busType: busTypeValue, departure: busPlaces.0, arrival: busPlaces.1).sink(receiveCompletion: { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        fetchSearchedResultUseCase.execute(date: departDateValue, busType: busTypeValue, departure: busPlaces.0, arrival: busPlaces.1).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] searchedResult in
+                let output = departDate != nil ? (departDate, searchedResult) : (nil, searchedResult)
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.udpatesSearchedResult(output.0, output.1))
             }
-        }, receiveValue: { [weak self] searchedResult in
-            let output = departDate != nil ? (departDate, searchedResult) : (nil, searchedResult)
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.udpatesSearchedResult(output.0, output.1))
-        }).store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func getSemesterInfo() {
-        fetchSemesterInfoUseCase.execute(busRouteType: .overall).sink(receiveCompletion: { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        fetchSemesterInfoUseCase.execute(busRouteType: .overall).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.updateSemesterInfo(response.semesterInfo))
             }
-        }, receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.updateSemesterInfo(response.semesterInfo))
-        }).store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func makeLogAnalyticsEvent(label: EventLabelType, category: EventParameter.EventCategory, value: Any) {
diff --git a/Koin/Presentation/Bus/BusTimetable/BusTimetableViewModel.swift b/Koin/Presentation/Bus/BusTimetable/BusTimetableViewModel.swift
index 2d2695bf1..21dec5073 100644
--- a/Koin/Presentation/Bus/BusTimetable/BusTimetableViewModel.swift
+++ b/Koin/Presentation/Bus/BusTimetable/BusTimetableViewModel.swift
@@ -80,44 +80,39 @@ final class BusTimetableViewModel: ViewModelProtocol {
     private func getBusTimetable(busType: BusType, firstFilterIdx: Int, secondFilterIdx: Int?) {
         switch busType {
         case .shuttleBus:
-            fetchShuttleRoutesUseCase.execute(busRouteType: ShuttleRouteType.allCases[firstFilterIdx]).sink(receiveCompletion: {
-                completion in
-                if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                    Log.make().error("\(error)")
+            fetchShuttleRoutesUseCase.execute(busRouteType: ShuttleRouteType.allCases[firstFilterIdx]).sink(
+                receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+                receiveValue: { [weak self] busRoutes in
+                    self?.outputSubject.send(.updateShuttleBusRoutes(busRoutes: busRoutes))
                 }
-            }, receiveValue: { [weak self] busRoutes in
-                self?.outputSubject.send(.updateShuttleBusRoutes(busRoutes: busRoutes))
-            }).store(in: &subscriptions)
+            ).store(in: &subscriptions)
         case .expressBus:
-            fetchExpressTimetableUseCase.execute(filterIdx: firstFilterIdx).sink(receiveCompletion: { completion in
-                if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                    Log.make().error("\(error)")
+            fetchExpressTimetableUseCase.execute(filterIdx: firstFilterIdx).sink(
+                receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+                receiveValue: { [weak self] timetable, busDirection in
+                    self?.outputSubject.send(.updateBusTimetable(busType: busType, busTimetableInfo: timetable))
+                    let busStop = busDirection == .from ? "천안 터미널 승차" : "코리아텍 승차"
+                    self?.outputSubject.send(.updateStopLabel(busStop: busStop))
                 }
-            }, receiveValue: { [weak self] timetable, busDirection in
-                self?.outputSubject.send(.updateBusTimetable(busType: busType, busTimetableInfo: timetable))
-                let busStop = busDirection == .from ? "천안 터미널 승차" : "코리아텍 승차"
-                self?.outputSubject.send(.updateStopLabel(busStop: busStop))
-            }).store(in: &subscriptions)
+            ).store(in: &subscriptions)
         default:
-            fetchCityTimetableUseCase.execute(firstFilterIdx: firstFilterIdx, secondFilterIdx: secondFilterIdx ?? 0).sink(receiveCompletion: { completion in
-                if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                    Log.make().error("\(error)")
+            fetchCityTimetableUseCase.execute(firstFilterIdx: firstFilterIdx, secondFilterIdx: secondFilterIdx ?? 0).sink(
+                receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+                receiveValue: { [weak self] timetable, busDirection in
+                    self?.outputSubject.send(.updateBusTimetable(busType: busType, busTimetableInfo: timetable))
+                    self?.outputSubject.send(.updateStopLabel(busStop: "\(busDirection) 승차"))
                 }
-            }, receiveValue: { [weak self] timetable, busDirection in
-                self?.outputSubject.send(.updateBusTimetable(busType: busType, busTimetableInfo: timetable))
-                self?.outputSubject.send(.updateStopLabel(busStop: "\(busDirection) 승차"))
-            }).store(in: &subscriptions)
+            ).store(in: &subscriptions)
         }
     }
     
     private func getEmergencyNotice() {
-        fetchEmergencyNoticeUseCase.execute().sink(receiveCompletion: { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        fetchEmergencyNoticeUseCase.execute().sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] notice in
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.updateEmergencyNotice(notice: notice))
             }
-        }, receiveValue: { [weak self] notice in
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.updateEmergencyNotice(notice: notice))
-        }).store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func makeLogAnalyticsEvent(label: EventLabelType, category: EventParameter.EventCategory, value: Any) {
diff --git a/Koin/Presentation/Bus/BusTimetableData/BusTimetableDataViewModel.swift b/Koin/Presentation/Bus/BusTimetableData/BusTimetableDataViewModel.swift
index 17194269c..b4d7d349a 100644
--- a/Koin/Presentation/Bus/BusTimetableData/BusTimetableDataViewModel.swift
+++ b/Koin/Presentation/Bus/BusTimetableData/BusTimetableDataViewModel.swift
@@ -49,17 +49,13 @@ final class BusTimetableDataViewModel: ViewModelProtocol {
     }
     
     private func getShuttleBusTimetable(shuttleTimetableType: ShuttleTimetableType) {
-        fetchShuttleTimetableUseCase.execute(id: shuttleRouteId)
-            .sink { [weak self] completion in
-                guard self != nil else { return }
-                if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                    Log.make().error("\(error)")
-                }
-            } receiveValue: { [weak self] timetable in
+        fetchShuttleTimetableUseCase.execute(id: shuttleRouteId).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] timetable in
                 guard let self else { return }
                 self.outputSubject.send(.updateBusRoute(timetable, shuttleTimetableType))
             }
-            .store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func makeLogAnalyticsEvent(label: EventLabelType, category: EventParameter.EventCategory, value: Any) {
diff --git a/Koin/Presentation/Chat/Chat/ChatViewModel.swift b/Koin/Presentation/Chat/Chat/ChatViewModel.swift
index 4e4f9b201..9cb999f81 100644
--- a/Koin/Presentation/Chat/Chat/ChatViewModel.swift
+++ b/Koin/Presentation/Chat/Chat/ChatViewModel.swift
@@ -106,7 +106,6 @@ extension ChatViewModel {
                 guard let self else { return Empty().eraseToAnyPublisher() }
                 return fetchChatDetailUseCase.execute(userId: UserDataManager.shared.id, articleId: articleId, chatRoomId: chatRoomId)
                     .catch { error -> AnyPublisher<[ChatMessage], Never> in
-                        Log.make().error("\(error)")
                         return Empty().eraseToAnyPublisher()
                     }
                     .eraseToAnyPublisher()
@@ -120,10 +119,7 @@ extension ChatViewModel {
     private func sendMessage(message: String, isImage: Bool) {
         postChatDetailUseCase.execute(articleId: articleId, chatRoomId: chatRoomId, message: message, isImage: isImage).sink(
             receiveCompletion: { [weak self] completion in
-                switch completion {
-                case .failure(let error):
-                    Log.make().error("\(error)")
-                case .finished:
+                if case .finished = completion {
                     self?.fetchChatDetail()
                 }
             },
diff --git a/Koin/Presentation/Chat/ChatList/ChatListTableViewModel.swift b/Koin/Presentation/Chat/ChatList/ChatListTableViewModel.swift
index 912f86195..02e6acdae 100644
--- a/Koin/Presentation/Chat/ChatList/ChatListTableViewModel.swift
+++ b/Koin/Presentation/Chat/ChatList/ChatListTableViewModel.swift
@@ -71,7 +71,6 @@ extension ChatListTableViewModel {
                 guard let self else { return Empty().eraseToAnyPublisher() }
                 return fetchChatRoomUseCase.execute()
                     .catch { error -> AnyPublisher<[ChatRoomItem], Never> in
-                        Log.make().error("\(error)")
                         return Empty().eraseToAnyPublisher()
                     }.eraseToAnyPublisher()
             }
diff --git a/Koin/Presentation/Club/ClubWebViewController.swift b/Koin/Presentation/Club/ClubWebViewController.swift
index 7e445e6bd..60d5c429a 100644
--- a/Koin/Presentation/Club/ClubWebViewController.swift
+++ b/Koin/Presentation/Club/ClubWebViewController.swift
@@ -71,15 +71,14 @@ final class ClubWebViewController: UIViewController {
     }
     
     private func checkLogin() {
-        checkLoginUseCase.execute().sink { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        checkLoginUseCase.execute().sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                guard let self = self else { return }
+                setupWebView()
+                loadClubPage()
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            guard let self = self else { return }
-            setupWebView()
-            loadClubPage()
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func loadClubPage() {
diff --git a/Koin/Presentation/Dining/Dining/DiningViewModel.swift b/Koin/Presentation/Dining/Dining/DiningViewModel.swift
index 08f5b8ed4..cdbb4e454 100644
--- a/Koin/Presentation/Dining/Dining/DiningViewModel.swift
+++ b/Koin/Presentation/Dining/Dining/DiningViewModel.swift
@@ -96,15 +96,14 @@ final class DiningViewModel: ViewModelProtocol {
 extension DiningViewModel {
 
     private func fetchNotiList() {
-        fetchNotiListUseCase.execute().sink { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        fetchNotiListUseCase.execute().sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                guard let self = self else { return }
+                let tuple = self.processSubscribes(response: response)
+                self.outputSubject.send(.showBottomSheet(tuple))
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            guard let self = self else { return }
-            let tuple = self.processSubscribes(response: response)
-            self.outputSubject.send(.showBottomSheet(tuple))
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func processSubscribes(response: NotiAgreementDto) -> (Bool, Bool) {
@@ -126,27 +125,25 @@ extension DiningViewModel {
     }
     
     private func changeNoti(isOn: Bool, type: SubscribeType) {
-        changeNotiUseCase.execute(method: isOn ? .post : .delete , type: type).sink { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
-            }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            if type == .diningSoldOut && isOn {
-                DetailSubscribeType.allCases.forEach {
-                    self?.changeNotiDetail(isOn: isOn, detailType: $0)
+        changeNotiUseCase.execute(method: isOn ? .post : .delete , type: type).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                if type == .diningSoldOut && isOn {
+                    DetailSubscribeType.allCases.forEach {
+                        self?.changeNotiDetail(isOn: isOn, detailType: $0)
+                    }
                 }
             }
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func changeNotiDetail(isOn: Bool, detailType: DetailSubscribeType) {
-        changeNotiDetailUseCase.execute(method: isOn ? .post : .delete , detailType: detailType).sink { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        changeNotiDetailUseCase.execute(method: isOn ? .post : .delete , detailType: detailType).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { response in
+                print(response)
             }
-        } receiveValue: { response in
-            print(response)
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func shareMenuList(shareModel: ShareDiningMenu) {
@@ -163,14 +160,13 @@ extension DiningViewModel {
         }
         sharedDiningItem = nil
         
-        fetchDiningListUseCase.execute(diningInfo: fetchDate).sink { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        fetchDiningListUseCase.execute(diningInfo: fetchDate).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] list in
+                guard let self = self else { return }
+                self.outputSubject.send(.updateDiningList(list, currentDate.diningType))
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] list in
-            guard let self = self else { return }
-            self.outputSubject.send(.updateDiningList(list, currentDate.diningType))
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func updateDisplayDateTime(date: Date?, type: DiningType?) {
diff --git a/Koin/Presentation/Dining/DiningNotice/DiningNoticeViewModel.swift b/Koin/Presentation/Dining/DiningNotice/DiningNoticeViewModel.swift
index d0fa94330..c925ee6a7 100644
--- a/Koin/Presentation/Dining/DiningNotice/DiningNoticeViewModel.swift
+++ b/Koin/Presentation/Dining/DiningNotice/DiningNoticeViewModel.swift
@@ -38,15 +38,12 @@ final class DiningNoticeViewModel: ViewModelProtocol {
 
 extension DiningNoticeViewModel {
     private func fetchCoopShopList() {
-        fetchCoopShopListUseCase.execute().sink { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        fetchCoopShopListUseCase.execute().sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.showCoopShopData(response))
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.showCoopShopData(response))
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
-        
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
-  
 }
 
diff --git a/Koin/Presentation/Home/ForceUpdate/ForceUpdateViewModel.swift b/Koin/Presentation/Home/ForceUpdate/ForceUpdateViewModel.swift
index 02245d5d0..e4a9c2553 100644
--- a/Koin/Presentation/Home/ForceUpdate/ForceUpdateViewModel.swift
+++ b/Koin/Presentation/Home/ForceUpdate/ForceUpdateViewModel.swift
@@ -43,15 +43,14 @@ final class ForceUpdateViewModel: ViewModelProtocol {
 
 extension ForceUpdateViewModel {
     private func checkVersion() {
-        checkVersionUseCase.execute().sink { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        checkVersionUseCase.execute().sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.isLowVersion(response.0))
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.isLowVersion(response.0))
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
-
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
+
     
     private func makeLogAnalyticsEvent(label: EventLabelType, category: EventParameter.EventCategory, value: Any) {
         logAnalyticsEventUseCase.execute(label: label, category: category, value: value)
diff --git a/Koin/Presentation/Home/Home/HomeViewModel.swift b/Koin/Presentation/Home/Home/HomeViewModel.swift
index 58c6f718f..345a4137b 100644
--- a/Koin/Presentation/Home/Home/HomeViewModel.swift
+++ b/Koin/Presentation/Home/Home/HomeViewModel.swift
@@ -122,79 +122,73 @@ final class HomeViewModel: ViewModelProtocol {
 extension HomeViewModel {
     
     private func fetchBanner() {
-        fetchBannerUseCase.execute().sink { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        fetchBannerUseCase.execute().sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.updateBanner(response))
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.updateBanner(response))
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
+    
     private func fetchHotClub() {
-        fetchHotClubsUseCase.execute().sink(receiveCompletion: { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        fetchHotClubsUseCase.execute().sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] hotClub in
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.setHotClub(hotClub))
             }
-        }, receiveValue: { [weak self] hotClub in
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.setHotClub(hotClub))
-        }).store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func fetchClubCategories() {
-        fetchClubCategoriesUseCase.execute().sink(receiveCompletion: { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        fetchClubCategoriesUseCase.execute().sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] categories in
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.setClubCategories(categories))
             }
-        }, receiveValue: { [weak self] categories in
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.setClubCategories(categories))
-        }).store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
                 
     private func fetchUserData() {
-        fetchUserDataUseCase.execute().sink { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
-            }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            UserDataManager.shared.setUserData(userData: response)
-            if !UserDefaults.standard.bool(forKey: "forceModal") {
-                if response.userType == "STUDENT" {
-                    if response.name == nil ||
-                        response.phoneNumber == nil ||
-                        response.gender == nil ||
-                        response.major == nil ||
-                        response.studentNumber == nil {
-                        self?.outputSubject.send(.showForceModal)
-                        UserDefaults.standard.set(true, forKey: "forceModal")
+        fetchUserDataUseCase.execute().sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                UserDataManager.shared.setUserData(userData: response)
+                if !UserDefaults.standard.bool(forKey: "forceModal") {
+                    if response.userType == "STUDENT" {
+                        if response.name == nil ||
+                            response.phoneNumber == nil ||
+                            response.gender == nil ||
+                            response.major == nil ||
+                            response.studentNumber == nil {
+                            self?.outputSubject.send(.showForceModal)
+                            UserDefaults.standard.set(true, forKey: "forceModal")
+                        }
                     }
                 }
             }
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     private func checkVersion() {
-        checkVersionUseCase.execute().sink { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
-            }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            if response.0 {
-                self?.outputSubject.send(.showForceUpdate(response.1))
+        checkVersionUseCase.execute().sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                if response.0 {
+                    self?.outputSubject.send(.showForceUpdate(response.1))
+                }
             }
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
-        
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func getDiningInformation(diningPlace: DiningPlace = .cornerA) {
         let dateInfo = dateProvider.execute(date: Date())
         
-        fetchDiningListUseCase.execute(diningInfo: dateInfo).sink { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        fetchDiningListUseCase.execute(diningInfo: dateInfo).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                let result = response.filter { $0.place == diningPlace }.first
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.updateDining(result, dateInfo.diningType, dateInfo.date.formatDateToYYMMDD() == Date().formatDateToYYMMDD()))
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            let result = response.filter { $0.place == diningPlace }.first
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.updateDining(result, dateInfo.diningType, dateInfo.date.formatDateToYYMMDD() == Date().formatDateToYYMMDD()))
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func getLostItemStat() {
@@ -207,14 +201,13 @@ extension HomeViewModel {
     }
     
     private func getShopCategory() {
-        fetchShopCategoryListUseCase.execute().sink { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        fetchShopCategoryListUseCase.execute().sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.shopCategories = response.shopCategories
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.putImage(response))
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.shopCategories = response.shopCategories
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.putImage(response))
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     func getCategoryName(for id: Int) -> String? {
@@ -253,18 +246,17 @@ extension HomeViewModel {
         if let date = date {
             phrase = fetchKeywordNoticePhraseUseCase.execute(date: date)
         }
-        fetchHotNoticeArticlesUseCase.execute(noticeId: nil).sink { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
-            }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] articles in
-            if date == nil {
-                self?.outputSubject.send(.updateNoticeBanners(articles, nil))
-            }
-            else {
-                self?.outputSubject.send(.updateNoticeBanners(articles, phrase))
+        fetchHotNoticeArticlesUseCase.execute(noticeId: nil).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] articles in
+                if date == nil {
+                    self?.outputSubject.send(.updateNoticeBanners(articles, nil))
+                }
+                else {
+                    self?.outputSubject.send(.updateNoticeBanners(articles, phrase))
+                }
             }
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
   
     private func makeLogAnalyticsSessionEvent(label: EventLabelType, category: EventParameter.EventCategory, value: Any, sessionId: String) {
diff --git a/Koin/Presentation/Home/Home/SubViews/ErrorViewController.swift b/Koin/Presentation/Home/Home/SubViews/ErrorViewController.swift
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..286ee49b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Koin/Presentation/Home/Home/SubViews/ErrorViewController.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+//
+//  ErrorViewController.swift
+//  koin
+//
+//  Created by 홍기정 on 2/13/26.
+//
+
+import UIKit
+
+final class ErrorViewController: UIViewController {
+    
+    // MARK: - Properties
+    private let completion: ()->Void
+    
+    // MARK: - UI Components
+    private let wrapperViewLayoutGuide = UILayoutGuide()
+    
+    private let wrapperView = UIView()
+    
+    private let warningImageView = UIImageView().then {
+        let configuration = UIImage.SymbolConfiguration.init(pointSize: 60, weight: .light)
+        $0.image = UIImage(systemName: "exclamationmark.triangle", withConfiguration: configuration)
+        $0.tintColor = .appColor(.neutral500)
+    }
+    
+    private let titleLabel = UILabel().then {
+        $0.text = "개발 중인 페이지입니다"
+        $0.font = .appFont(.pretendardSemiBold, size: 20)
+        $0.textColor = .appColor(.primary500)
+    }
+    
+    private let subTitleLabel = UILabel().then {
+        let paragraphStyle = NSMutableParagraphStyle()
+        paragraphStyle.lineHeightMultiple = 1.40
+        paragraphStyle.alignment = .center
+        
+        $0.attributedText = NSAttributedString(
+            string: "죄송합니다. 현재 개발 중인 페이지입니다.\n최대한 빠르게 오픈하도록 하겠습니다.",
+            attributes: [
+                .font : UIFont.appFont(.pretendardMedium, size: 14),
+                .foregroundColor : UIColor.appColor(.neutral500),
+                .paragraphStyle : paragraphStyle
+            ])
+        $0.numberOfLines = 2
+    }
+    
+    private let navigateButton = UIButton().then {
+        $0.setAttributedTitle(NSAttributedString(
+            string: "메인 화면 바로가기", attributes: [
+                .foregroundColor : UIColor.white,
+                .font : UIFont.appFont(.pretendardSemiBold, size: 15)
+            ]), for: .normal)
+        $0.backgroundColor = .appColor(.primary500)
+        $0.layer.cornerRadius = 8
+        $0.layer.masksToBounds = true
+    }
+    
+    // MARK: - Initializer
+    init(completion: @escaping () -> Void) {
+        self.completion = completion
+        super.init(nibName: nil, bundle: nil)
+    }
+    required init?(coder: NSCoder) {
+        fatalError("init(coder:) has not been implemented")
+    }
+    
+    // MARK: - Life Cycle
+    override func viewDidLoad() {
+        super.viewDidLoad()
+        configureView()
+        navigateButton.addTarget(self, action: #selector(navigateButtonTapped), for: .touchUpInside)
+    }
+}
+
+extension ErrorViewController {
+    
+    @objc private func navigateButtonTapped() {
+        completion()
+    }
+}
+
+extension ErrorViewController {
+    
+    private func setUpLayouts() {
+        [warningImageView, titleLabel, subTitleLabel].forEach {
+            wrapperView.addSubview($0)
+        }
+        
+        [wrapperView, navigateButton].forEach {
+            view.addSubview($0)
+        }
+        
+        [wrapperViewLayoutGuide].forEach {
+            view.addLayoutGuide($0)
+        }
+    }
+    private func setUpConstraints() {
+        wrapperViewLayoutGuide.snp.makeConstraints {
+            $0.top.equalTo(view.safeAreaLayoutGuide)
+            $0.bottom.equalTo(navigateButton.snp.top)
+            $0.leading.trailing.equalToSuperview()
+        }
+        
+        wrapperView.snp.makeConstraints {
+            $0.center.equalTo(wrapperViewLayoutGuide)
+        }
+        
+        warningImageView.snp.makeConstraints {
+            $0.top.equalTo(wrapperView)
+            $0.centerX.equalTo(wrapperView)
+        }
+        
+        titleLabel.snp.makeConstraints {
+            $0.top.equalTo(warningImageView.snp.bottom).offset(20)
+            $0.centerX.equalTo(wrapperView)
+        }
+        
+        subTitleLabel.snp.makeConstraints {
+            $0.top.equalTo(titleLabel.snp.bottom).offset(10)
+            $0.bottom.equalTo(wrapperView)
+            $0.centerX.equalTo(wrapperView)
+        }
+        
+        navigateButton.snp.makeConstraints {
+            $0.leading.trailing.equalToSuperview().inset(24)
+            $0.height.equalTo(46)
+            $0.bottom.equalTo(view.safeAreaLayoutGuide.snp.bottom).offset(-16)
+        }
+    }
+    
+    private func configureView() {
+        setUpLayouts()
+        setUpConstraints()
+        view.backgroundColor = .white
+    }
+}
+
+
diff --git a/Koin/Presentation/Home/ServiceSelect/ServiceSelectViewModel.swift b/Koin/Presentation/Home/ServiceSelect/ServiceSelectViewModel.swift
index c2c36a3d5..7176bec33 100644
--- a/Koin/Presentation/Home/ServiceSelect/ServiceSelectViewModel.swift
+++ b/Koin/Presentation/Home/ServiceSelect/ServiceSelectViewModel.swift
@@ -49,17 +49,18 @@ final class ServiceSelectViewModel: ViewModelProtocol {
 extension ServiceSelectViewModel {
     
     private func fetchUserData() {
-        fetchUserDataUseCase.execute().sink { [weak self] completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
-                self?.isLogined = false
-                self?.outputSubject.send(.disappearProfile)
+        fetchUserDataUseCase.execute().sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { [weak self] completion in
+                if case let .failure(error) = completion {
+                    self?.isLogined = false
+                    self?.outputSubject.send(.disappearProfile)
+                }
+            },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.isLogined = true
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.updateProfile(response))
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.isLogined = true
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.updateProfile(response))
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
-
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func logOut() {
diff --git a/Koin/Presentation/Land/Land/LandViewModel.swift b/Koin/Presentation/Land/Land/LandViewModel.swift
index 8133fefad..8ae1497f4 100644
--- a/Koin/Presentation/Land/Land/LandViewModel.swift
+++ b/Koin/Presentation/Land/Land/LandViewModel.swift
@@ -41,12 +41,11 @@ final class LandViewModel: ViewModelProtocol {
 extension LandViewModel {
     
     private func getLandList() {
-        fetchLandListUseCase.execute().sink { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        fetchLandListUseCase.execute().sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.showLandList(response))
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.showLandList(response))
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Presentation/Land/LandDetail/LandDetailViewModel.swift b/Koin/Presentation/Land/LandDetail/LandDetailViewModel.swift
index 783e22aed..aad822e79 100644
--- a/Koin/Presentation/Land/LandDetail/LandDetailViewModel.swift
+++ b/Koin/Presentation/Land/LandDetail/LandDetailViewModel.swift
@@ -41,12 +41,11 @@ final class LandDetailViewModel: ViewModelProtocol {
 
 extension LandDetailViewModel {
     private func getLandDetail() {
-        fetchLandDetailUseCase.execute(landId: landId).sink { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        fetchLandDetailUseCase.execute(landId: landId).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.showLandDetail(response))
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.showLandDetail(response))
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Presentation/Login/FindId/FindIdViewModel.swift b/Koin/Presentation/Login/FindId/FindIdViewModel.swift
index a2f2558bc..7bb2c1417 100644
--- a/Koin/Presentation/Login/FindId/FindIdViewModel.swift
+++ b/Koin/Presentation/Login/FindId/FindIdViewModel.swift
@@ -37,14 +37,16 @@ extension FindIdViewModel {
     }
     
     func checkVerificationCode(phoneNumber: String, code: String) {
-        checkVerificationCodeUseCase.execute(phoneNumber: phoneNumber, verificationCode: code).sink { [weak self] completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
-                self?.checkMessagePublisher.send((error.message, false))
+        checkVerificationCodeUseCase.execute(phoneNumber: phoneNumber, verificationCode: code).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { [weak self] completion in
+                if case let .failure(error) = completion {
+                    self?.checkMessagePublisher.send((error.message, false))
+                }
+            },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.findIdSms(phoneNumber: phoneNumber)
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.findIdSms(phoneNumber: phoneNumber)
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     func findIdSms(phoneNumber: String) {
@@ -56,7 +58,7 @@ extension FindIdViewModel {
             self?.checkMessagePublisher.send(("인증번호가 일치합니다.", true))
         }.store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
-    ///
+    
     func sendVerificationEmail(email: String) {
         sendVerificationEmailUseCase.execute(requestModel: .init(email: email)).sink { [weak self] completion in
             if case let .failure(error) = completion {
@@ -66,24 +68,31 @@ extension FindIdViewModel {
             self?.sendMessagePublisher.send(("인증번호가 발송되었습니다.", true))
         }.store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
+    
     func checkVerificationEmail(email: String, code: String) {
-        checkVerificationEmailUseCase.execute(requestModel: .init(email: email, verificationCode: code)).sink { [weak self] completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
-                self?.checkMessagePublisher.send((error.message, false))
+        checkVerificationEmailUseCase.execute(requestModel: .init(email: email, verificationCode: code)).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { [weak self] completion in
+                if case let .failure(error) = completion {
+                    self?.checkMessagePublisher.send((error.message, false))
+                }
+            },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.findIdEmail(email: email)
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.findIdEmail(email: email)
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
+    
     func findIdEmail(email: String) {
-        findIdEmailUseCase.execute(requestModel: .init(email: email)).sink { [weak self] completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                self?.checkMessagePublisher.send((error.message, false))
+        findIdEmailUseCase.execute(requestModel: .init(email: email)).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { [weak self] completion in
+                if case let .failure(error) = completion {
+                    self?.checkMessagePublisher.send((error.message, false))
+                }
+            },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.loginId = response.loginID
+                self?.checkMessagePublisher.send(("인증번호가 일치합니다.", true))
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.loginId = response.loginID
-            self?.checkMessagePublisher.send(("인증번호가 일치합니다.", true))
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Presentation/Login/FindPassword/FindPasswordViewModel.swift b/Koin/Presentation/Login/FindPassword/FindPasswordViewModel.swift
index 3e140aebc..2b9f789d3 100644
--- a/Koin/Presentation/Login/FindPassword/FindPasswordViewModel.swift
+++ b/Koin/Presentation/Login/FindPassword/FindPasswordViewModel.swift
@@ -85,14 +85,15 @@ extension FindPasswordViewModel {
     }
     
     func checkVerificationCode() {
-        checkVerificationCodeUseCase.execute(phoneNumber: inputData, verificationCode: certNumber).sink { [weak self] completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
-                self?.checkMessagePublisher.send((error.message, false))
+        checkVerificationCodeUseCase.execute(phoneNumber: inputData, verificationCode: certNumber).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { [weak self] completion in
+                if case let .failure(error) = completion {
+                    self?.checkMessagePublisher.send((error.message, false))
+                }
+            }, receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.checkMessagePublisher.send(("인증번호가 일치합니다.", true))
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.checkMessagePublisher.send(("인증번호가 일치합니다.", true))
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     func findPasswordSms() {
@@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ extension FindPasswordViewModel {
             self?.changeSuccessPublisher.send()
         }.store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
-    ///
+
     func sendVerificationEmail() {
         sendVerificationEmailUseCase.execute(requestModel: .init(email: inputData)).sink { [weak self] completion in
             if case let .failure(error) = completion {
@@ -114,16 +115,19 @@ extension FindPasswordViewModel {
             self?.sendMessagePublisher.send(("인증번호가 발송되었습니다.", true))
         }.store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
+    
     func checkVerificationEmail() {
-        checkVerificationEmailUseCase.execute(requestModel: .init(email: inputData, verificationCode: certNumber)).sink { [weak self] completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
-                self?.checkMessagePublisher.send((error.message, false))
+        checkVerificationEmailUseCase.execute(requestModel: .init(email: inputData, verificationCode: certNumber)).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { [weak self] completion in
+                if case let .failure(error) = completion {
+                    self?.checkMessagePublisher.send((error.message, false))
+                }
+            }, receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.checkMessagePublisher.send(("인증번호가 일치합니다.", true))
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.checkMessagePublisher.send(("인증번호가 일치합니다.", true))
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
+    
     func findPasswordEmail() {
         findPasswordEmailUseCase.execute(requestModel: .init(loginId: id, email: inputData, newPassword: password)).sink { [weak self] completion in
             if case let .failure(error) = completion {
diff --git a/Koin/Presentation/Login/Register/RegisterFormViewModel.swift b/Koin/Presentation/Login/Register/RegisterFormViewModel.swift
index 70b5de27e..3b8de84ea 100644
--- a/Koin/Presentation/Login/Register/RegisterFormViewModel.swift
+++ b/Koin/Presentation/Login/Register/RegisterFormViewModel.swift
@@ -158,13 +158,12 @@ extension RegisterFormViewModel {
     }
 
     private func fetchDeptList() {
-        fetchDeptListUseCase.execute().sink { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        fetchDeptListUseCase.execute().sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.showDeptDropDownList(response))
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.showDeptDropDownList(response))
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func checkDuplicatedNickname(nickname: String) {
diff --git a/Koin/Presentation/LostItem/LostItemData/LostItemDataViewModel.swift b/Koin/Presentation/LostItem/LostItemData/LostItemDataViewModel.swift
index 648fc5d67..cbcc7cc29 100644
--- a/Koin/Presentation/LostItem/LostItemData/LostItemDataViewModel.swift
+++ b/Koin/Presentation/LostItem/LostItemData/LostItemDataViewModel.swift
@@ -102,11 +102,7 @@ extension LostItemDataViewModel {
     
     private func loadData() {
         fetchLostItemDataUseCase.execute(id: id).sink(
-            receiveCompletion: { completion in
-                if case .failure(let failure) = completion {
-                    print(failure)
-                }
-            },
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
             receiveValue: { [weak self] lostItemData in
                 self?.lostItemData = lostItemData
                 self?.type = lostItemData.type
diff --git a/Koin/Presentation/LostItem/LostItemList/LostItemListViewModel.swift b/Koin/Presentation/LostItem/LostItemList/LostItemListViewModel.swift
index 53be1f1c7..ef0e70c93 100644
--- a/Koin/Presentation/LostItem/LostItemList/LostItemListViewModel.swift
+++ b/Koin/Presentation/LostItem/LostItemList/LostItemListViewModel.swift
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ extension LostItemListViewModel {
         
         fetchLostItemListUseCase.execute(requestModel: filterState).sink(
             receiveCompletion: { [weak self] completion in
-                if case .failure(_) = completion {
+                if case let .failure(error) = completion {
                     self?.filterState.page -= 1
                 }
             },
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ extension LostItemListViewModel {
     
     private func checkLogin() {
         checkLoginUseCase.execute().sink(
-            receiveCompletion: { _ in},
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
             receiveValue: { [weak self] isLoggedIn in
                 self?.isLoggedIn = isLoggedIn
             }
diff --git a/Koin/Presentation/Notice/ManageNoticeKeyWord/ManageNoticeKeywordViewModel.swift b/Koin/Presentation/Notice/ManageNoticeKeyWord/ManageNoticeKeywordViewModel.swift
index b1120bdaa..6ecc1730b 100644
--- a/Koin/Presentation/Notice/ManageNoticeKeyWord/ManageNoticeKeywordViewModel.swift
+++ b/Koin/Presentation/Notice/ManageNoticeKeyWord/ManageNoticeKeywordViewModel.swift
@@ -76,26 +76,28 @@ extension ManageNoticeKeywordViewModel {
                 .execute(keyword: requestModel, myKeywords: myKeywords)
                 .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
                 .throttle(for: .milliseconds(400), scheduler: RunLoop.main, latest: true)
-                .sink(receiveCompletion: { [weak self] completion in
-                if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                    Log.make().error("\(error)")
-                    self?.fetchMyKeyword()
-                }
-            }, receiveValue: { [weak self] _, addKeywordResult in
-                switch addKeywordResult {
-                case .exceedNumber:
-                    self?.outputSubject.send(.keywordIsIllegal("키워드는 최대 10개까지 추가할 수 있습니다."))
-                case .notInRange:
-                    self?.outputSubject.send(.keywordIsIllegal("키워드는 2글자에서 10글자 사이어야 합니다."))
-                case .sameKeyword:
-                    self?.outputSubject.send(.keywordIsIllegal("이미 같은 키워드가 존재합니다."))
-                case .success:
-                    if isRecommended { self?.makeLogAnalyticsEvent(label: EventParameter.EventLabel.Campus.recommendedKeyword, category: .click, value: keyword) }
-                    self?.fetchMyKeyword()
-                }
-            }).store(in: &self.subscriptions)
-        
-    }
+                .sink(
+                    receiveCompletion: { [weak self] completion in
+                        if case let .failure(error) = completion {
+                            self?.fetchMyKeyword()
+                        }
+                    },
+                    receiveValue: { [weak self] _, addKeywordResult in
+                        switch addKeywordResult {
+                        case .exceedNumber:
+                            self?.outputSubject.send(.keywordIsIllegal("키워드는 최대 10개까지 추가할 수 있습니다."))
+                        case .notInRange:
+                            self?.outputSubject.send(.keywordIsIllegal("키워드는 2글자에서 10글자 사이어야 합니다."))
+                        case .sameKeyword:
+                            self?.outputSubject.send(.keywordIsIllegal("이미 같은 키워드가 존재합니다."))
+                        case .success:
+                            if isRecommended { self?.makeLogAnalyticsEvent(label: EventParameter.EventLabel.Campus.recommendedKeyword, category: .click, value: keyword) }
+                            self?.fetchMyKeyword()
+                        }
+                    }
+                ).store(in: &self.subscriptions)
+            
+        }
 }
 
     private func fetchMyKeyword() {
@@ -106,20 +108,18 @@ extension ManageNoticeKeywordViewModel {
     }
     
     private func getMyKeyword(completion: @escaping ([NoticeKeywordDto]) -> Void) {
-        fetchNotificationKeywordUseCase.execute().sink(receiveCompletion: { completionResult in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completionResult {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        fetchNotificationKeywordUseCase.execute().sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { fetchkeywords in
+                completion(fetchkeywords.0)
             }
-        }, receiveValue: { fetchkeywords in
-            completion(fetchkeywords.0)
-        }).store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func deleteMyKeyword(keyWord: NoticeKeywordDto) {
         deleteNotificationKeywordUseCase.execute(keyword: keyWord)
             .sink(receiveCompletion: { [weak self] completion in
                 if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                    Log.make().error("\(error)")
                     self?.fetchMyKeyword()
                 }
             }, receiveValue: { [weak self] result in
@@ -129,40 +129,40 @@ extension ManageNoticeKeywordViewModel {
     }
     
     private func fetchSubscription() {
-        fetchNotiListUseCase.execute().sink { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
-            }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            response.subscribes?.forEach {
-                if $0.type == .articleKeyWord {
-                    self?.outputSubject.send(.updateSwitch(isOn: $0.isPermit ?? false))
+        fetchNotiListUseCase.execute().sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                response.subscribes?.forEach {
+                    if $0.type == .articleKeyWord {
+                        self?.outputSubject.send(.updateSwitch(isOn: $0.isPermit ?? false))
+                    }
                 }
             }
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func getRecommendedKeyword(keywords: [NoticeKeywordDto]) {
-        fetchRecommendedKeywordUseCase.execute(filters: keywords).sink(receiveCompletion: { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        fetchRecommendedKeywordUseCase.execute(filters: keywords).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { keywords in
+                self.outputSubject.send(.updateRecommendedKeyword(keywords.keywords))
             }
-        }, receiveValue: { keywords in
-            self.outputSubject.send(.updateRecommendedKeyword(keywords.keywords))
-        }).store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func changeNotification(isOn: Bool) {
-        changeNotiUseCase.execute(method: isOn ? .post : .delete, type: .articleKeyWord).sink(receiveCompletion: { [weak self] completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
-                self?.outputSubject.send(.showLoginModal)
+        changeNotiUseCase.execute(method: isOn ? .post : .delete, type: .articleKeyWord).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { [weak self] completion in
+                if case let .failure(error) = completion {
+                    self?.outputSubject.send(.showLoginModal)
+                }
+            },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.updateSwitch(isOn: isOn))
+                let value = isOn ? "on" : "off"
+                self?.makeLogAnalyticsEvent(label: EventParameter.EventLabel.Campus.keywordNotification, category: .click, value: value)
             }
-        }, receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.updateSwitch(isOn: isOn))
-            let value = isOn ? "on" : "off"
-            self?.makeLogAnalyticsEvent(label: EventParameter.EventLabel.Campus.keywordNotification, category: .click, value: value)
-        }).store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func makeLogAnalyticsEvent(label: EventLabelType, category: EventParameter.EventCategory, value: Any) {
diff --git a/Koin/Presentation/Notice/NoticeData/NoticeDataViewModel.swift b/Koin/Presentation/Notice/NoticeData/NoticeDataViewModel.swift
index e3e93501f..b966e41d3 100644
--- a/Koin/Presentation/Notice/NoticeData/NoticeDataViewModel.swift
+++ b/Koin/Presentation/Notice/NoticeData/NoticeDataViewModel.swift
@@ -91,14 +91,16 @@ final class NoticeDataViewModel: ViewModelProtocol {
 extension NoticeDataViewModel {
     
     private func createChatRoom() {
-        createChatRoomUseCase.execute(articleId: noticeId).sink(receiveCompletion: { [weak self] completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
-                self?.outputSubject.send(.showToast(error.message))
+        createChatRoomUseCase.execute(articleId: noticeId).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { [weak self] completion in
+                if case let .failure(error) = completion {
+                    self?.outputSubject.send(.showToast(error.message))
+                }
+            },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.navigateToChat(response.articleId, response.chatRoomId, response.articleTitle))
             }
-        }, receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.navigateToChat(response.articleId, response.chatRoomId, response.articleTitle))
-        }).store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func checkLogin(checkType: CheckType) {
@@ -112,60 +114,57 @@ extension NoticeDataViewModel {
     }
     func checkAuth() {
         
-        checkAuthUseCase.execute().sink(receiveCompletion: { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        checkAuthUseCase.execute().sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.showAuth(response))
             }
-        }, receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.showAuth(response))
-        }).store(in: &subscriptions)
-        
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func fetchLostItem(id: Int) {
-        fetchLostItemUseCase.execute(id: id).sink(receiveCompletion: { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        fetchLostItemUseCase.execute(id: id).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.type = response.type ?? .lost
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.updateLostItem(response))
             }
-        }, receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.type = response.type ?? .lost
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.updateLostItem(response))
-        }).store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
+    
     private func getNoticeData() {
         outputSubject.send(.updateActivityIndictor(true, nil, nil))
         let request = FetchNoticeDataRequest(noticeId: noticeId)
-        fetchNoticeDataUseCase.execute(request: request).sink(receiveCompletion: { [weak self] completion in
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.updateActivityIndictor(false, nil, nil))
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        fetchNoticeDataUseCase.execute(request: request).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { [weak self] completion in
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.updateActivityIndictor(false, nil, nil))
+            },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] noticeData in
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.updateNoticeData(noticeData))
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.updateActivityIndictor(false, nil, nil))
             }
-        }, receiveValue: { [weak self] noticeData in
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.updateNoticeData(noticeData))
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.updateActivityIndictor(false, nil, nil))
-        }).store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func getPopularArticle() {
-        fetchHotNoticeArticlesUseCase.execute(noticeId: noticeId).sink(receiveCompletion: { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        fetchHotNoticeArticlesUseCase.execute(noticeId: noticeId).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] notices in
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.updatePopularArticles(notices))
             }
-        }, receiveValue: { [weak self] notices in
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.updatePopularArticles(notices))
-        }).store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func downloadFile(downloadUrl: String, fileName: String) {
         outputSubject.send(.updateActivityIndictor(true, nil, nil))
-        downloadNoticeAttachmentUseCase.execute(downloadUrl: downloadUrl, fileName: fileName).sink(receiveCompletion: { [weak self] completion in
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.updateActivityIndictor(false, nil, nil))
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        downloadNoticeAttachmentUseCase.execute(downloadUrl: downloadUrl, fileName: fileName).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { [weak self] completion in
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.updateActivityIndictor(false, nil, nil))
+            },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] downloadedPath in
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.updateActivityIndictor(false, fileName, downloadedPath))
             }
-        }, receiveValue: { [weak self] downloadedPath in
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.updateActivityIndictor(false, fileName, downloadedPath))
-        }).store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func makeLogAnalyticsEvent(label: EventLabelType, category: EventParameter.EventCategory, value: Any) {
diff --git a/Koin/Presentation/Notice/NoticeList/NoticeListViewModel.swift b/Koin/Presentation/Notice/NoticeList/NoticeListViewModel.swift
index f6abaef5b..14389410d 100644
--- a/Koin/Presentation/Notice/NoticeList/NoticeListViewModel.swift
+++ b/Koin/Presentation/Notice/NoticeList/NoticeListViewModel.swift
@@ -84,26 +84,23 @@ extension NoticeListViewModel {
     
     func checkAuth() {
         
-        checkAuthUseCase.execute().sink(receiveCompletion: { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        checkAuthUseCase.execute().sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in},
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.auth = response.userType
             }
-        }, receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.auth = response.userType
-        }).store(in: &subscriptions)
-        
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func getNoticeInfo(page: Int) {
-        fetchNoticeArticlesUseCase.execute(boardId: noticeListType.rawValue, keyWord: keyword, page: page, type: fetchType).sink(receiveCompletion: { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        fetchNoticeArticlesUseCase.execute(boardId: noticeListType.rawValue, keyWord: keyword, page: page, type: fetchType).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] articleInfo in
+                guard let self = self else { return }
+                self.outputSubject.send(.updateBoard(articleInfo.articles, articleInfo.pages,self.noticeListType))
+                self.noticeList = articleInfo.articles
             }
-        }, receiveValue: { [weak self] articleInfo in
-            guard let self = self else { return }
-            self.outputSubject.send(.updateBoard(articleInfo.articles, articleInfo.pages,self.noticeListType))
-            self.noticeList = articleInfo.articles
-        }).store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func getUserKeywordList(keyword: NoticeKeywordDto? = nil) {
@@ -129,16 +126,15 @@ extension NoticeListViewModel {
     }
     
     private func fetchUserKeyword(completion: @escaping ([NoticeKeywordDto]) -> Void) {
-        fetchMyKeywordUseCase.execute().sink(receiveCompletion: { response in
-            if case let .failure(error) = response {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
-            }
-        }, receiveValue: { [weak self] fetchResult in
-            if fetchResult.0.isEmpty {
-                self?.outputSubject.send(.isLogined(fetchResult.1))
+        fetchMyKeywordUseCase.execute().sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] fetchResult in
+                if fetchResult.0.isEmpty {
+                    self?.outputSubject.send(.isLogined(fetchResult.1))
+                }
+                completion(fetchResult.0)
             }
-            completion(fetchResult.0)
-        }).store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func makeLogAnalyticsEvent(label: EventLabelType, category: EventParameter.EventCategory, value: Any) {
diff --git a/Koin/Presentation/Notice/NoticeSearch/NoticeSearchViewModel.swift b/Koin/Presentation/Notice/NoticeSearch/NoticeSearchViewModel.swift
index 0972ea4db..22f80448e 100644
--- a/Koin/Presentation/Notice/NoticeSearch/NoticeSearchViewModel.swift
+++ b/Koin/Presentation/Notice/NoticeSearch/NoticeSearchViewModel.swift
@@ -64,13 +64,12 @@ final class NoticeSearchViewModel: ViewModelProtocol {
 
 extension NoticeSearchViewModel {
     private func getHotKeyWord(count: Int) {
-        fetchHotKeywordUseCase.execute(count: count).sink(receiveCompletion: { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        fetchHotKeywordUseCase.execute(count: count).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] keyWords in
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.updateHotKeyWord(keyWords))
             }
-        }, receiveValue: { [weak self] keyWords in
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.updateHotKeyWord(keyWords))
-        }).store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func searchWord(word: String, searchedDate: Date, actionType: Int) {
@@ -100,18 +99,17 @@ extension NoticeSearchViewModel {
         if let keyWord = keyWord {
             self.keyWord = keyWord
         }
-        searchNoticeArticlesUseCase.execute(requestModel: requestModel).sink(receiveCompletion: { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        searchNoticeArticlesUseCase.execute(requestModel: requestModel).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] articles in
+                if articles.currentPage == articles.totalPage {
+                    self?.outputSubject.send(.updateSearchedrsult(articles.articles ?? [], true, isNewPage))
+                }
+                else {
+                    self?.outputSubject.send(.updateSearchedrsult(articles.articles ?? [], false, isNewPage))
+                }
             }
-        }, receiveValue: { [weak self] articles in
-            if articles.currentPage == articles.totalPage {
-                self?.outputSubject.send(.updateSearchedrsult(articles.articles ?? [], true, isNewPage))
-            }
-            else {
-                self?.outputSubject.send(.updateSearchedrsult(articles.articles ?? [], false, isNewPage))
-            }
-        }).store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func makeLogAnalyticsEvent(label: EventLabelType, category: EventParameter.EventCategory, value: Any) {
diff --git a/Koin/Presentation/Setting/ChangeMyProfile/ChangeMyProfileViewModel.swift b/Koin/Presentation/Setting/ChangeMyProfile/ChangeMyProfileViewModel.swift
index 57628095a..7be008a69 100644
--- a/Koin/Presentation/Setting/ChangeMyProfile/ChangeMyProfileViewModel.swift
+++ b/Koin/Presentation/Setting/ChangeMyProfile/ChangeMyProfileViewModel.swift
@@ -92,69 +92,72 @@ extension ChangeMyProfileViewModel {
     }
     
     func checkVerificationCode(phoneNumber: String, code: String) {
-        checkVerificationCodeUseCase.execute(phoneNumber: phoneNumber, verificationCode: code).sink { [weak self] completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
-                self?.certNumberMessagePublisher.send((error.message, false))
+        checkVerificationCodeUseCase.execute(phoneNumber: phoneNumber, verificationCode: code).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { [weak self] completion in
+                if case let .failure(error) = completion {
+                    self?.certNumberMessagePublisher.send((error.message, false))
+                }
+            },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.certNumberMessagePublisher.send(("인증번호가 일치합니다.", true))
+                self?.modifyUserData?.phoneNumber = phoneNumber
+                self?.phoneNumberSuccess = true
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.certNumberMessagePublisher.send(("인증번호가 일치합니다.", true))
-            self?.modifyUserData?.phoneNumber = phoneNumber
-            self?.phoneNumberSuccess = true
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     func checkDuplicatedNickname(nickname: String) {
-        checkDuplicatedNicknameUseCase.execute(nickname: nickname).sink { [weak self] completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
-                if nickname == self?.userData?.nickname {
-                    
-                } else {
-                    self?.nicknameMessagePublisher.send((error.message, false))
+        checkDuplicatedNicknameUseCase.execute(nickname: nickname).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { [weak self] completion in
+                if case let .failure(error) = completion {
+                    if nickname == self?.userData?.nickname {
+                        
+                    } else {
+                        self?.nicknameMessagePublisher.send((error.message, false))
+                    }
                 }
+            },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.nicknameMessagePublisher.send(("사용 가능한 닉네임입니다.", true))
+                self?.modifyUserData?.nickname = nickname
+                self?.nicknameSuccess = true
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.nicknameMessagePublisher.send(("사용 가능한 닉네임입니다.", true))
-            self?.modifyUserData?.nickname = nickname
-            self?.nicknameSuccess = true
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     func fetchUserData() {
-        fetchUserDataUseCase.execute().sink { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        fetchUserDataUseCase.execute().sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in},
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.showProfile(response))
+                self?.userData = response
+                self?.modifyUserData = response
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.showProfile(response))
-            self?.userData = response
-            self?.modifyUserData = response
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     func fetchDeptList() {
-        fetchDeptListUseCase.execute().sink { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        fetchDeptListUseCase.execute().sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.showDeptDropDownList(response))
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.showDeptDropDownList(response))
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func modifyProfile(request: UserPutRequest) {
-        modifyUseCase.execute(requestModel: request).sink { [weak self] completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
-                self?.outputSubject.send(.showToast(error.message, false, .save))
+        modifyUseCase.execute(requestModel: request).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { [weak self] completion in
+                if case let .failure(error) = completion {
+                    self?.outputSubject.send(.showToast(error.message, false, .save))
+                }
+            },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.showToast("회원 정보 수정이 완료되었습니다.", true, .save))
+                self?.userData = response
+                UserDataManager.shared.setUserData(userData: response)
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.showToast("회원 정보 수정이 완료되었습니다.", true, .save))
-            self?.userData = response
-            UserDataManager.shared.setUserData(userData: response)
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
-        
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func bind() {
diff --git a/Koin/Presentation/Setting/ChangePassword/ChangePasswordViewModel.swift b/Koin/Presentation/Setting/ChangePassword/ChangePasswordViewModel.swift
index 133bca630..a4cab9288 100644
--- a/Koin/Presentation/Setting/ChangePassword/ChangePasswordViewModel.swift
+++ b/Koin/Presentation/Setting/ChangePassword/ChangePasswordViewModel.swift
@@ -71,38 +71,44 @@ final class ChangePasswordViewModel: ViewModelProtocol {
 extension ChangePasswordViewModel {
     
     private func changePassword(password: String) {
-        changePasswordUseCase.execute(requestModel: .init(newPassword: EncodingWorker().sha256(text: password))).sink { [weak self] completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
-                self?.outputSubject.send(.showToast(error.message, false, false))
+        changePasswordUseCase.execute(requestModel: .init(newPassword: EncodingWorker().sha256(text: password))).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { [weak self] completion in
+                if case let .failure(error) = completion {
+                    self?.outputSubject.send(.showToast(error.message, false, false))
+                }
+            },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] _ in
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.showToast("비밀번호 변경이 완료되었습니다.", true, true))
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] _ in
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.showToast("비밀번호 변경이 완료되었습니다.", true, true))
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func fetchUserData() {
-        fetchUserDataUseCase.execute().sink { [weak self] completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
-                self?.outputSubject.send(.showToast(error.message, false, true))
+        fetchUserDataUseCase.execute().sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { [weak self] completion in
+                if case let .failure(error) = completion {
+                    self?.outputSubject.send(.showToast(error.message, false, true))
+                }
+            },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.showEmail(response.loginId ?? ""))
+                self?.userDto = response
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.showEmail(response.loginId ?? ""))
-            self?.userDto = response
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func checkPassword(password: String) {
-        checkPasswordUseCase.execute(password: password).sink { [weak self] completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
-                self?.outputSubject.send(.showErrorMessage(error.message))
+        checkPasswordUseCase.execute(password: password).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { [weak self] completion in
+                if case let .failure(error) = completion {
+                    self?.outputSubject.send(.showErrorMessage(error.message))
+                }
+            },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.currentStep = 2
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.passNextStep)
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.currentStep = 2
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.passNextStep)
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Presentation/Setting/Settings/SettingsViewModel.swift b/Koin/Presentation/Setting/Settings/SettingsViewModel.swift
index cf8c1b74b..55f3bf3ba 100644
--- a/Koin/Presentation/Setting/Settings/SettingsViewModel.swift
+++ b/Koin/Presentation/Setting/Settings/SettingsViewModel.swift
@@ -55,14 +55,15 @@ final class SettingsViewModel: ViewModelProtocol {
 
 extension SettingsViewModel {
     private func checkLogin(movingScene: MovingScene) {
-        checkAuthUseCase.execute().sink { [weak self] completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
-                self?.outputSubject.send(.showToast(error.message, false, movingScene, nil))
+        checkAuthUseCase.execute().sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { [weak self] completion in
+                if case let .failure(error) = completion {
+                    self?.outputSubject.send(.showToast(error.message, false, movingScene, nil))
+                }
+            }, receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.showToast("", true, movingScene, response.userType))
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.showToast("", true, movingScene, response.userType))
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func makeLogAnalyticsEvent(label: EventLabelType, category: EventParameter.EventCategory, value: Any) {
diff --git a/Koin/Presentation/Shop/Shop/ShopViewModel.swift b/Koin/Presentation/Shop/Shop/ShopViewModel.swift
index 5a0edd2bd..e023f560a 100644
--- a/Koin/Presentation/Shop/Shop/ShopViewModel.swift
+++ b/Koin/Presentation/Shop/Shop/ShopViewModel.swift
@@ -128,32 +128,27 @@ extension ShopViewModel {
     }
     
     private func fetchShopBenefits() {
-        fetchShopBenefitUseCase.execute().sink { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        fetchShopBenefitUseCase.execute().sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.updateShopBenefits(response))
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.updateShopBenefits(response))
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func fetchBeneficialShops(id: Int) {
-        fetchBeneficialShopUseCase.execute(id: id).sink { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        fetchBeneficialShopUseCase.execute(id: id).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.updateBeneficialShops(response))
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.updateBeneficialShops(response))
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func getShopInfo(id: Int) {
-        fetchShopListUseCase.execute(requestModel: sortStandard)
-            .sink(receiveCompletion: { completion in
-                if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                    Log.make().error("\(error)")
-                }
-            }, receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+        fetchShopListUseCase.execute(requestModel: sortStandard).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
                 guard let self = self else { return }
                 let shops = response
                 if self.selectedId != 0 {
@@ -162,24 +157,29 @@ extension ShopViewModel {
                     self.outputSubject.send(.changeFilteredShops(shops, self.selectedId))
                 }
                 self.shopList = response
-            }).store(in: &subscriptions)
+            }
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func getEventShopList() {
-        fetchEventListUseCase.execute()
-            .sink(receiveCompletion: { _ in }, receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+        fetchEventListUseCase.execute().sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
                 guard let self = self else { return }
                 self.outputSubject.send(.updateEventShops(response.events ?? []))
                 self.getShopInfo(id: self.selectedId)
-            }).store(in: &subscriptions)
+            }
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func getShopCategory() {
-        fetchShopCategoryListUseCase.execute()
-            .sink(receiveCompletion: { _ in }, receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+        fetchShopCategoryListUseCase.execute().sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
                 self?.categories = response.shopCategories
                 self?.outputSubject.send(.putImage(response))
-            }).store(in: &subscriptions)
+            }
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     func categoryName(for id: Int) -> String {
diff --git a/Koin/Presentation/Shop/ShopDetail/ShopDetailViewModel.swift b/Koin/Presentation/Shop/ShopDetail/ShopDetailViewModel.swift
index 2aabd005c..c9a965375 100644
--- a/Koin/Presentation/Shop/ShopDetail/ShopDetailViewModel.swift
+++ b/Koin/Presentation/Shop/ShopDetail/ShopDetailViewModel.swift
@@ -46,14 +46,11 @@ final class ShopDetailViewModel {
 extension ShopDetailViewModel {
     
     private func fetchShopDetail() {
-        fetchOrderShopDetailFromShopUseCase.execute(shopId: shopId)
-            .sink(receiveCompletion: { completion in
-                if case .failure(let failure) = completion {
-                    print("fetchOrdershopDetailFromShop Failed: \(failure)")
-                }
-            }, receiveValue: { [weak self] orderShopDetail in
+        fetchOrderShopDetailFromShopUseCase.execute(shopId: shopId).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] orderShopDetail in
                 self?.outputSubject.send(.update(shopDetail: orderShopDetail))
-            })
-            .store(in: &subscriptions)
+            }
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Presentation/Shop/ShopReview/ShopReviewViewModel.swift b/Koin/Presentation/Shop/ShopReview/ShopReviewViewModel.swift
index 078cf2ed5..d6613dba0 100644
--- a/Koin/Presentation/Shop/ShopReview/ShopReviewViewModel.swift
+++ b/Koin/Presentation/Shop/ShopReview/ShopReviewViewModel.swift
@@ -79,13 +79,12 @@ final class ShopReviewViewModel: ViewModelProtocol {
     }
     
     private func updateShopName() {
-        fetchShopDataUseCase.execute(shopId: shopId) .sink { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        fetchShopDataUseCase.execute(shopId: shopId).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in},
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.updateShopName(response.name))
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.updateShopName(response.name))
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func uploadFile(files: [Data]) {
diff --git a/Koin/Presentation/Shop/ShopSearch/ShopSearchViewModel.swift b/Koin/Presentation/Shop/ShopSearch/ShopSearchViewModel.swift
index 605941a34..013e007b9 100644
--- a/Koin/Presentation/Shop/ShopSearch/ShopSearchViewModel.swift
+++ b/Koin/Presentation/Shop/ShopSearch/ShopSearchViewModel.swift
@@ -56,15 +56,11 @@ extension ShopSearchViewModel {
     }
     
     private func fetchSearchShop(_ keyword: String) {
-        fetchSearchShopUseCase.execute(keyword: keyword)
-            .sink(receiveCompletion: { completion in
-                if case .failure(let failure) = completion {
-                    print("failed : \(failure)")
-                }
-            },
-                  receiveValue: { [weak self] shopSearchResult in
+        fetchSearchShopUseCase.execute(keyword: keyword).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] shopSearchResult in
                 self?.outputSubject.send(.update(shopSearchResult))
-            })
-            .store(in: &subscriptions)
+            }
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
 }
diff --git a/Koin/Presentation/Shop/ShopSummary/ShopSummaryViewModel.swift b/Koin/Presentation/Shop/ShopSummary/ShopSummaryViewModel.swift
index 3ccff7a84..c010ae535 100644
--- a/Koin/Presentation/Shop/ShopSummary/ShopSummaryViewModel.swift
+++ b/Koin/Presentation/Shop/ShopSummary/ShopSummaryViewModel.swift
@@ -90,35 +90,35 @@ final class ShopSummaryViewModel {
 
 extension ShopSummaryViewModel {
     private func fetchShopSummary(shopId: Int) {
-        fetchOrderShopSummaryFromShopUseCase.execute(id: shopId)
-            .sink(receiveCompletion: { _ in },
-                  receiveValue: { [weak self] shopSummary in
+        fetchOrderShopSummaryFromShopUseCase.execute(id: shopId).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] shopSummary in
                 guard let self else { return }
                 self.outputSubject.send(.update1(
                     images: shopSummary.images,
                     name: shopSummary.name,
                     rating: shopSummary.ratingAverage,
                     reviewCount: shopSummary.reviewCount))
-            })
-            .store(in: &subscriptions)
+            }
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func fetchShopMenusAndGroups(shopId: Int) {
-        fetchOrderShopMenusAndGroupsFromShopUseCase.execute(shopId: shopId)
-            .sink(receiveCompletion: { _ in },
-                  receiveValue: { [weak self] (shopMenusCategory, shopMenus) in
+        fetchOrderShopMenusAndGroupsFromShopUseCase.execute(shopId: shopId).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] (shopMenusCategory, shopMenus) in
                 guard let self else { return }
                 self.outputSubject.send(.update3(
                     menusGroups: shopMenusCategory,
                     menus: shopMenus))
-            })
-            .store(in: &subscriptions)
+            }
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func fetchIsAvailable(shopId: Int) {
-        fetchShopDataUseCase.execute(shopId: shopId)
-            .sink(receiveCompletion: { _ in },
-                  receiveValue: { [weak self] in
+        fetchShopDataUseCase.execute(shopId: shopId).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] in
                 guard let self else { return }
                 self.phonenumber = $0.phone
                 self.outputSubject.send(.update2(
@@ -128,8 +128,8 @@ extension ShopSummaryViewModel {
                     maxDeliveryTip: $0.deliveryPrice,
                     description: $0.description,
                     phone: $0.phone))
-            })
-            .store(in: &subscriptions)
+            }
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/Koin/Presentation/TimeTable/Timetable/TimetableViewController.swift b/Koin/Presentation/TimeTable/Timetable/TimetableViewController.swift
index 3055aa94c..e337bacc9 100644
--- a/Koin/Presentation/TimeTable/Timetable/TimetableViewController.swift
+++ b/Koin/Presentation/TimeTable/Timetable/TimetableViewController.swift
@@ -261,26 +261,23 @@ final class TimetableViewController: UIViewController {
             guard let self = self else { return }
             
             if let lectureData = response as? LectureData {
-                    self.viewModel.performLectureModification(lectureData: lectureData)
-                        .sink(receiveCompletion: { _ in
-                            self.viewModel.selectedFrameId = self.viewModel.selectedFrameId
-                        }, receiveValue: { _ in })
-                        .store(in: &self.subscriptions)
-                    
-                } else if let customLecture = response as? (String, [Int]) {
-                    self.viewModel.performCustomLectureModification(
-                        lectureName: customLecture.0,
-                        lectureTime: customLecture.1
-                    ).sink(receiveCompletion: { _ in
+                self.viewModel.performLectureModification(lectureData: lectureData).sink(
+                    receiveCompletion: { _ in
                         self.viewModel.selectedFrameId = self.viewModel.selectedFrameId
-                    }, receiveValue: { _ in })
-                    .store(in: &self.subscriptions)
-                }
+                    },
+                    receiveValue: { _ in }
+                ).store(in: &self.subscriptions)
+                
+            } else if let customLecture = response as? (String, [Int]) {
+                self.viewModel.performCustomLectureModification(lectureName: customLecture.0, lectureTime: customLecture.1).sink(
+                    receiveCompletion: { _ in
+                        self.viewModel.selectedFrameId = self.viewModel.selectedFrameId
+                    },
+                    receiveValue: { _ in }
+                ).store(in: &self.subscriptions)
+            }
         }.store(in: &subscriptions)
-
-        
     }
-    
 }
 
 extension TimetableViewController {
diff --git a/Koin/Presentation/TimeTable/Timetable/TimetableViewModel.swift b/Koin/Presentation/TimeTable/Timetable/TimetableViewModel.swift
index aea47d6eb..cc1a6c97a 100644
--- a/Koin/Presentation/TimeTable/Timetable/TimetableViewModel.swift
+++ b/Koin/Presentation/TimeTable/Timetable/TimetableViewModel.swift
@@ -216,8 +216,10 @@ extension TimetableViewModel {
             
             Publishers.MergeMany(deletePublishers)
                 .collect()
-                .sink(receiveCompletion: { _ in promise(.success(())) },
-                      receiveValue: { _ in })
+                .sink(
+                    receiveCompletion: { _ in promise(.success(())) },
+                    receiveValue: { _ in }
+                )
                 .store(in: &self.subscriptions)
         }
         
@@ -266,36 +268,36 @@ extension TimetableViewModel {
     
     private func deleteLectureById(lecture: LectureData) {
         
-        deleteLecturByIdUseCase.execute(id: lecture.id).sink { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        deleteLecturByIdUseCase.execute(id: lecture.id).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] _ in
+                self?.lectureData.removeAll {
+                    $0.classTime == lecture.classTime && $0.name == lecture.name && $0.professor == lecture.professor
+                }
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] _ in
-            self?.lectureData.removeAll { $0.classTime == lecture.classTime && $0.name == lecture.name && $0.professor == lecture.professor}
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
-        
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func _deleteLecture(_ lecture: LectureData) {
-        deleteLectureUseCase.execute(frameId: selectedFrameId ?? 0, lectureId: lecture.id) .sink { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        deleteLectureUseCase.execute(frameId: selectedFrameId ?? 0, lectureId: lecture.id).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] _ in
+                self?.lectureData.removeAll {
+                    $0.classTime == lecture.classTime &&
+                    $0.name == lecture.name &&
+                    $0.professor == lecture.professor
+                }
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] _ in
-            
-            self?.lectureData.removeAll { $0.classTime == lecture.classTime && $0.name == lecture.name && $0.professor == $0.professor}
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func fetchFrames() {
-        fetchFramesUseCase.execute().sink { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        fetchFramesUseCase.execute().sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.frameData = response
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.frameData = response
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
-
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
 }
 
@@ -311,160 +313,152 @@ extension TimetableViewModel {
     
     private func postCustomLecture(lectureName: String, classTime: [Int]) {
         let request = LectureRequest(timetableFrameID: selectedFrameId ?? 0, timetableLecture: [TimetableLecture(lectureID: nil, classTitle: lectureName, classInfos: [ClassInfo(classTime: classTime, classPlace: "")], professor: "", grades: "0", memo: "no memo")])
-        postLectureUseCase.execute(request: request).sink { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        postLectureUseCase.execute(request: request).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.lectureData = response
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.lectureData = response
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func postLecture(lecture: LectureData) {
         let lectureRequest = LectureRequest(timetableFrameID: selectedFrameId ?? 0, timetableLecture: [TimetableLecture(lectureID: lecture.id, classTitle: lecture.name, classInfos: [ ClassInfo( classTime: lecture.classTime, classPlace: "")], professor: lecture.professor, grades: lecture.grades, memo: "메모메모")])
         
         
-        postLectureUseCase.execute(request: lectureRequest).sink { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        postLectureUseCase.execute(request: lectureRequest).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.lectureData = response
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.lectureData = response
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     // 특정 프레임 id의 모든 강의 조회
     private func fetchLecture(frameId: Int) {
-        fetchLectureUseCase.execute(frameId: frameId).sink { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
-            }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            guard let self = self else { return }
-            self.lectureData = response
-            
-            for frameData in self.frameData {
-                for frame in frameData.frame {
-                    if frame.id == frameId {
-                        self.outputSubject.send(.showingSelectedFrame(frameData.semester, frame.timetableName))
+        fetchLectureUseCase.execute(frameId: frameId).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                guard let self = self else { return }
+                self.lectureData = response
+                
+                for frameData in self.frameData {
+                    for frame in frameData.frame {
+                        if frame.id == frameId {
+                            self.outputSubject.send(.showingSelectedFrame(frameData.semester, frame.timetableName))
+                        }
                     }
                 }
             }
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
-        
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     // 해당 학기 모든 프레임 조회 ( 처음에 보여줄 학기 시간표 선택 위해 필요 )
     private func fetchFrame(semester: String) {
-        fetchFrameUseCase.execute(semester: semester).sink { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
-            }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response  in
-            if let firstMainFrame = response.first(where: { $0.isMain }) ?? response.first {
-                self?.selectedFrameId = firstMainFrame.id
-                self?.outputSubject.send(.showingSelectedFrame(semester, firstMainFrame.timetableName))
-            } else {
-                self?.outputSubject.send(.showingSelectedFrame("학기 추가하기", nil))
+        fetchFrameUseCase.execute(semester: semester).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response  in
+                if let firstMainFrame = response.first(where: { $0.isMain }) ?? response.first {
+                    self?.selectedFrameId = firstMainFrame.id
+                    self?.outputSubject.send(.showingSelectedFrame(semester, firstMainFrame.timetableName))
+                } else {
+                    self?.outputSubject.send(.showingSelectedFrame("학기 추가하기", nil))
+                }
             }
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
-        
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func fetchMyFrames() {
-        fetchFramesUseCase.execute().sink { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
-            }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            
-            if let lastSemester = response.first?.semester {
-                self?.selectedSemester = lastSemester
-                self?.fetchFrame(semester: lastSemester)
-            } else {
-                self?.outputSubject.send(.showingSelectedFrame("학기 추가하기", nil))
+        fetchFramesUseCase.execute().sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                if let lastSemester = response.first?.semester {
+                    self?.selectedSemester = lastSemester
+                    self?.fetchFrame(semester: lastSemester)
+                } else {
+                    self?.outputSubject.send(.showingSelectedFrame("학기 추가하기", nil))
+                }
             }
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     // 해당 학기 강의들 조회
     private func fetchLectureList(semester: String) {
-        fetchLectureListUseCase.execute(semester: semester).sink { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        fetchLectureListUseCase.execute(semester: semester).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.outputSubject.send(.updateLectureList(response))
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.outputSubject.send(.updateLectureList(response))
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
-        
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
-    
 }
 
 // FrameList
 extension TimetableViewModel {
     
     private func rollbackFrame(id: Int) {
-        rollbackFrameUseCase.execute(id: id).sink { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
+        rollbackFrameUseCase.execute(id: id).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.fetchFrames()
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.fetchFrames()
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     // 프레임 1개 삭제
     private func deleteFrame(frame: FrameDto) {
-        deleteFrameUseCase.execute(id: frame.id).sink { [weak self] completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
-                self?.nextOutputSubject.send(.showToast(error.message))
-            }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] in
-            self?.fetchFrames()
-//            self?.nextOutputSubject.send(.showToastWithId(frame.timetableName, frame.id))
-            if frame.id == self?.selectedFrameId {
-                self?.fetchMyFrames()
+        deleteFrameUseCase.execute(id: frame.id).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { [weak self] completion in
+                if case let .failure(error) = completion {
+                    self?.nextOutputSubject.send(.showToast(error.message))
+                }
+            },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] in
+                self?.fetchFrames()
+//                self?.nextOutputSubject.send(.showToastWithId(frame.timetableName, frame.id))
+                if frame.id == self?.selectedFrameId {
+                    self?.fetchMyFrames()
+                }
             }
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     private func modifyFrame(frame: FrameDto) {
-        modifyFrameUseCase.execute(frame: frame).sink { [weak self] completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
-                self?.nextOutputSubject.send(.showToast(error.message))
+        modifyFrameUseCase.execute(frame: frame).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { [weak self] completion in
+                if case let .failure(error) = completion {
+                    self?.nextOutputSubject.send(.showToast(error.message))
+                }
+            },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.fetchFrames()
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.fetchFrames()
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     // 프레임 추가하기
     private func createFrame(semester: String) {
-        createFrameUseCase.execute(semester: semester).sink { [weak self] completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
-                self?.nextOutputSubject.send(.showToast(error.message))
+        createFrameUseCase.execute(semester: semester).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { [weak self] completion in
+                if case let .failure(error) = completion {
+                    self?.nextOutputSubject.send(.showToast(error.message))
+                }
+            },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
+                self?.fetchFrames()
             }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] response in
-            self?.fetchFrames()
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
     
     // 해당 학기 삭제하기
     private func deleteSemester(semester: String) {
-        deleteSemesterUseCase.execute(semester: semester).sink { completion in
-            if case let .failure(error) = completion {
-                Log.make().error("\(error)")
-            }
-        } receiveValue: { [weak self] _ in
-            self?.fetchFrames()
-            if semester == self?.selectedSemester {
-                self?.fetchMyFrames()
+        deleteSemesterUseCase.execute(semester: semester).sink(
+            receiveCompletion: { _ in },
+            receiveValue: { [weak self] _ in
+                self?.fetchFrames()
+                if semester == self?.selectedSemester {
+                    self?.fetchMyFrames()
+                }
             }
-        }.store(in: &subscriptions)
-        
+        ).store(in: &subscriptions)
     }
 }
diff --git a/koin.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj b/koin.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
index f84d5e810..57f1bc537 100644
--- a/koin.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
+++ b/koin.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
 
 /* Begin PBXBuildFile section */
 		0FCD163D2BA80EAA00C23A2F /* KeychainWorker.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 0FCD163C2BA80EAA00C23A2F /* KeychainWorker.swift */; };
+		7C16AA372F3E0DBE0071ABE6 /* Interceptor.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 7C16AA362F3E0DBE0071ABE6 /* Interceptor.swift */; };
+		7C16AA392F3E9FBC0071ABE6 /* ErrorViewController.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 7C16AA382F3E9FBC0071ABE6 /* ErrorViewController.swift */; };
 		7C17EEA82EBF4F25008BCA89 /* ShopSearch.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 7C17EEA72EBF4F25008BCA89 /* ShopSearch.swift */; };
 		7C17EEAE2EBF7031008BCA89 /* FetchShopSearchRequest.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 7C17EEAD2EBF7031008BCA89 /* FetchShopSearchRequest.swift */; };
 		7C17EEB02EBF708B008BCA89 /* ShopSearchDto.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 7C17EEAF2EBF708B008BCA89 /* ShopSearchDto.swift */; };
@@ -28,6 +30,7 @@
 		7C372F322F1DB4C300149729 /* LostItemImagesCollectionViewCell.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 7C372F302F1DB4C300149729 /* LostItemImagesCollectionViewCell.swift */; };
 		7C372F332F1DB4C300149729 /* LostItemImagesCollectionView.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 7C372F2F2F1DB4C300149729 /* LostItemImagesCollectionView.swift */; };
 		7C372F392F1DCFF800149729 /* ModalViewControllerB.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 7C372F382F1DCFF800149729 /* ModalViewControllerB.swift */; };
+		7C3ECC7A2F41505000EE8F13 /* ErrorResponse.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 7C3ECC792F41505000EE8F13 /* ErrorResponse.swift */; };
 		7C4D5A3C2F01638800B40128 /* BusSearchViewController.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 7C4D5A122F01638800B40128 /* BusSearchViewController.swift */; };
 		7C4D5A3D2F01638800B40128 /* BusSearchResultViewModel.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 7C4D5A1D2F01638800B40128 /* BusSearchResultViewModel.swift */; };
 		7C4D5A3E2F01638800B40128 /* OneBusTimetableTableViewFooter.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 7C4D5A362F01638800B40128 /* OneBusTimetableTableViewFooter.swift */; };
@@ -691,7 +694,7 @@
 		D2CA2DD22C1CAE4E0036F02C /* ShopEvent.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = D2CA2DD12C1CAE4E0036F02C /* ShopEvent.swift */; };
 		D2D380F92BA72F75009AD5A9 /* LoginRequest.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = D2D380F82BA72F75009AD5A9 /* LoginRequest.swift */; };
 		D2D380FB2BA73162009AD5A9 /* TokenDTO.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = D2D380FA2BA73162009AD5A9 /* TokenDTO.swift */; };
-		D2D380FD2BA7415C009AD5A9 /* ErrorResponse.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = D2D380FC2BA7415C009AD5A9 /* ErrorResponse.swift */; };
+		D2D380FD2BA7415C009AD5A9 /* ErrorResponseDto.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = D2D380FC2BA7415C009AD5A9 /* ErrorResponseDto.swift */; };
 		D2D4225D2BAAEE0900A8AF04 /* DeptDTO.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = D2D4225C2BAAEE0900A8AF04 /* DeptDTO.swift */; };
 		D2D4225F2BAC2AC600A8AF04 /* UserPutRequest.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = D2D4225E2BAC2AC600A8AF04 /* UserPutRequest.swift */; };
 		D2D422612BAC2D7300A8AF04 /* EncodingWorker.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = D2D422602BAC2D7300A8AF04 /* EncodingWorker.swift */; };
@@ -817,6 +820,8 @@
 
 /* Begin PBXFileReference section */
 		0FCD163C2BA80EAA00C23A2F /* KeychainWorker.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = KeychainWorker.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
+		7C16AA362F3E0DBE0071ABE6 /* Interceptor.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = Interceptor.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
+		7C16AA382F3E9FBC0071ABE6 /* ErrorViewController.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = ErrorViewController.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		7C17EEA72EBF4F25008BCA89 /* ShopSearch.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = ShopSearch.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		7C17EEAD2EBF7031008BCA89 /* FetchShopSearchRequest.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = FetchShopSearchRequest.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		7C17EEAF2EBF708B008BCA89 /* ShopSearchDto.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = ShopSearchDto.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
@@ -837,6 +842,7 @@
 		7C372F2F2F1DB4C300149729 /* LostItemImagesCollectionView.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = LostItemImagesCollectionView.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		7C372F302F1DB4C300149729 /* LostItemImagesCollectionViewCell.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = LostItemImagesCollectionViewCell.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		7C372F382F1DCFF800149729 /* ModalViewControllerB.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = ModalViewControllerB.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
+		7C3ECC792F41505000EE8F13 /* ErrorResponse.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = ErrorResponse.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		7C4D5A0D2F01638800B40128 /* BusAreaSelectdViewController.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = BusAreaSelectdViewController.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		7C4D5A0E2F01638800B40128 /* BusAreaSelectedCollectionView.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = BusAreaSelectedCollectionView.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		7C4D5A0F2F01638800B40128 /* BusAreaSelectedCollectionViewCell.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = BusAreaSelectedCollectionViewCell.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
@@ -1494,7 +1500,7 @@
 		D2D380E02BA6AC50009AD5A9 /* koin.entitlements */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = text.plist.entitlements; name = koin.entitlements; path = koin/koin.entitlements; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		D2D380F82BA72F75009AD5A9 /* LoginRequest.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = LoginRequest.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		D2D380FA2BA73162009AD5A9 /* TokenDTO.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = TokenDTO.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
-		D2D380FC2BA7415C009AD5A9 /* ErrorResponse.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = ErrorResponse.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
+		D2D380FC2BA7415C009AD5A9 /* ErrorResponseDto.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = ErrorResponseDto.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		D2D4225C2BAAEE0900A8AF04 /* DeptDTO.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = DeptDTO.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		D2D4225E2BAC2AC600A8AF04 /* UserPutRequest.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = UserPutRequest.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		D2D422602BAC2D7300A8AF04 /* EncodingWorker.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = EncodingWorker.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
@@ -1624,6 +1630,14 @@
 /* End PBXFrameworksBuildPhase section */
 
 /* Begin PBXGroup section */
+		7C16AA352F3DE8F50071ABE6 /* CoreData */ = {
+			isa = PBXGroup;
+			children = (
+				8354BE512C7A0566009D4D7A /* CoreDataService.swift */,
+			);
+			path = CoreData;
+			sourceTree = "<group>";
+		};
 		7C372ED72F1B7F3100149729 /* LostItem */ = {
 			isa = PBXGroup;
 			children = (
@@ -2094,6 +2108,7 @@
 				7CED8ED52EF2D1F900457128 /* BannerViewController.swift */,
 				7CED8ED72EF2D1F900457128 /* ClubView.swift */,
 				7CA63A2D2F1B119200226F86 /* LostItemListView.swift */,
+				7C16AA382F3E9FBC0071ABE6 /* ErrorViewController.swift */,
 			);
 			path = SubViews;
 			sourceTree = "<group>";
@@ -3715,7 +3730,7 @@
 				D23479DD2BDB715700FA91BD /* Timetable */,
 				D23479D82BDB5EEF00FA91BD /* Land */,
 				D208A7A32CA1118D007040E7 /* AbTest */,
-				D2D380FC2BA7415C009AD5A9 /* ErrorResponse.swift */,
+				D2D380FC2BA7415C009AD5A9 /* ErrorResponseDto.swift */,
 				D208A7BE2CAB97A9007040E7 /* ForceUpdateResponse.swift */,
 			);
 			path = Decodable;
@@ -4122,6 +4137,7 @@
 				D2A8F8B02C4946480090C7A4 /* Bus */,
 				D2CA2DCE2C1CAC4B0036F02C /* Shop */,
 				D249CD392C158EEC000813F9 /* Dining */,
+				7C3ECC792F41505000EE8F13 /* ErrorResponse.swift */,
 			);
 			path = Model;
 			sourceTree = "<group>";
@@ -4198,6 +4214,9 @@
 		D2FB23582BFD72C60098BA2B /* Network */ = {
 			isa = PBXGroup;
 			children = (
+				D20AB9462C552E68006BC684 /* NetworkService.swift */,
+				83E770F72D05864800EB3F84 /* MockNetworkService.swift */,
+				7C16AA362F3E0DBE0071ABE6 /* Interceptor.swift */,
 				D2FB235D2BFDAB980098BA2B /* API */,
 				D2FB235F2BFDABBB0098BA2B /* Router.swift */,
 			);
@@ -4236,8 +4255,6 @@
 			isa = PBXGroup;
 			children = (
 				D2D462692D63BA5200C60864 /* ChatService.swift */,
-				83E770F72D05864800EB3F84 /* MockNetworkService.swift */,
-				D20AB9462C552E68006BC684 /* NetworkService.swift */,
 				D20AB9572C553621006BC684 /* NotiService.swift */,
 				D2FB236D2C0410510098BA2B /* LogAnalyticsService.swift */,
 				D29F21C22C4DE27C00994554 /* UserService.swift */,
@@ -4249,10 +4266,10 @@
 				83DD0D852C4FA84900278ABD /* BusService.swift */,
 				833D9C442C70672C00982145 /* NoticeListService.swift */,
 				7C8ADD322F20BEC200F85BDE /* LostItemService.swift */,
-				8354BE512C7A0566009D4D7A /* CoreDataService.swift */,
 				D208A7A72CA11221007040E7 /* AbTestService.swift */,
 				D208A7CA2CABB755007040E7 /* CoreService.swift */,
 				D2FB23582BFD72C60098BA2B /* Network */,
+				7C16AA352F3DE8F50071ABE6 /* CoreData */,
 			);
 			path = Service;
 			sourceTree = "<group>";
@@ -4598,6 +4615,7 @@
 				D208A7C62CABB426007040E7 /* CoreRepository.swift in Sources */,
 				7C61D3172F213D57005FAC3A /* ChangeLostItemStateUseCase.swift in Sources */,
 				D2FCBE812CFE96600097A388 /* NotificationHandler.swift in Sources */,
+				7C16AA372F3E0DBE0071ABE6 /* Interceptor.swift in Sources */,
 				D2A8F8BC2C4A71420090C7A4 /* CoopShopDTO.swift in Sources */,
 				D2B7EBDC2D382D5400EE46B0 /* CheckAuthUseCase.swift in Sources */,
 				D27DD0C92BA608310081FD36 /* UIColor+.swift in Sources */,
@@ -5096,7 +5114,7 @@
 				D20AB96F2C574291006BC684 /* BottomSheetViewController.swift in Sources */,
 				D20AD6CF2DFB45670067760A /* FetchHotClubsUseCase.swift in Sources */,
 				D22C54812C6A5957000826DA /* FileUploadResponse.swift in Sources */,
-				D2D380FD2BA7415C009AD5A9 /* ErrorResponse.swift in Sources */,
+				D2D380FD2BA7415C009AD5A9 /* ErrorResponseDto.swift in Sources */,
 				D208A7C92CABB486007040E7 /* CheckVersionUseCase.swift in Sources */,
 				D2FB23512BFD47A40098BA2B /* FetchEventListUseCase.swift in Sources */,
 				83E770F42D04A21500EB3F84 /* ShuttleRouteDTO.swift in Sources */,
@@ -5113,6 +5131,7 @@
 				D27DD0CA2BA608310081FD36 /* DiningDTO.swift in Sources */,
 				D20AB94E2C553427006BC684 /* NotiRepository.swift in Sources */,
 				833D9C3E2C705E9300982145 /* FetchNoticeArticlesRequest.swift in Sources */,
+				7C3ECC7A2F41505000EE8F13 /* ErrorResponse.swift in Sources */,
 				D2FB23552BFD49520098BA2B /* ShopRepository.swift in Sources */,
 				833D9C432C7061EC00982145 /* NoticeArticlesInfo.swift in Sources */,
 				833D9C622C74B9EF00982145 /* FetchHotNoticeArticlesUseCase.swift in Sources */,
@@ -5135,6 +5154,7 @@
 				D20AD6FF2E02A4AB0067760A /* FindIdEmailUseCase.swift in Sources */,
 				D215724E2CEDBEC60061E725 /* FrameDTO.swift in Sources */,
 				83DD0D842C4FA7FF00278ABD /* DefaultBusRepository.swift in Sources */,
+				7C16AA392F3E9FBC0071ABE6 /* ErrorViewController.swift in Sources */,
 				D235829F2BC2F5D600D615DD /* ZoomedImageViewController.swift in Sources */,
 				D249CD262C12DC2C000813F9 /* FetchDiningListUseCase.swift in Sources */,
 				B46B8CC42E76CC6300A8E797 /* FetchOrderShopSummaryFromShopUseCase.swift in Sources */,